Cell Theory
What are the 3 principles of the cell theory?
1. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
2. All living things are made of cells.
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells.
How many different amino acids are in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes?
20 Amino Acids
Which type of macromolecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
1. Phosphate Group
2. 5-carbon sugar
3. Nitrogenous Base
What are 3 examples of specialized animal cells?
1. Red Blood Cells
2. Pancreatic Cells
3. Muscle Cells
What are the 7 properties of life?
1. Metabolism
2. Reproduction
3. Response to Stimuli
4. Homeostasis
5. Energy
6. Nutrition
7. Growth
What are the four levels of organization to protein structure?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. Quaternary
What are the 3 factors that affect enzyme activity?
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Substrate Concentration
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
1. DNA is a double-stranded molecule and RNA is a single-stranded molecule.
2. The nitrogenous base Thymine in DNA is replaced with Uracil in RNA.
3. DNA's sugar is deoxyribose, while RNA's sugar is ribose.
Name a specialized plant cell.
Guard Cells
Who was the first scientist to observe and describe cells by observing cork under a microscope?
Robert Hooke
What happens when amino acids are in an aqueous solution?
The amine and carboxyl functional groups ionize.
What is the definition of "denature" in relation to enzymes?
When an enzyme is exposed to drastic conditions, causing it to loose its shape, therefore loosing its function.
The end of the DNA that exposes the sugar is called what?
3 prime (3’)
What is the definition of "tissues"?
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
What technology laid the foundation for the discovery of the cell theory and microbiology?
The Microscope
What reaction is occurring when polypeptides are synthesized at ribosomes under the control of genes?
Condensation Reaction
What analogy is used to describe enzyme-substrate binding?
Lock & Key
True or False: In DNA the bases A and C go together and the bases T and G go together.
False
What are stem cells?
Cells within and organism that retain their ability to divide and differentiate into various types of cells.
What is an example of an experiment that led to the theory that cells come from other cells by disproving spontaneous generation?
1. Louis Pasteur's experiment with chicken broth.
2. Francesco Redi's experiment with meat jars.
True/False: Some proteins are more than one polypeptide.
True
Which of the 4 levels of organization of protein structure are enzymes? Also, what is their shape?
Tertiary & Globular
What are the two strands that can form base pairs with each other at each nucleotide called?
Complementary
What is the process during development whereby newly formed cells become more specialized and distinct from one another as they mature?
Cell differentiation in a multicellular organism.