Show:
Topic 2: Cells
Topic 3: Chemistry of Life
Topic 4: Genetics
Topic 5: Ecology and Evolution
Topic 6: Human Physiology
100
The passive movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
What is Osmosis?
100
A water molecule having slightly negative and slightly positive sides has this property
What is polarity?
100
The non-spearation of chromosomes resulting in gametes that are produced with either one two many or one two few chromosomes.
What is non-disjunction?
100
The hierarchy of taxa, stages.
What is kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
100
enzyme found in the stomach, with a optimum pH of 1.5
What is protease?
200
Contains naked loop of DNA, a nucleoid region, no mitochondria, and small sized (70S) ribosomes.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
200
ROle of Iron in living things
What is needed to make cytochromes (proteins) used for electron transport during aerobic cellular respiration
200
(purple is dominant to white) If a heterozygous purple plant mates with a white plant, the probability of getting a white plant in the next generation.
What is 50%?
200
Explanation of the three stages of a population growth curve.
What is 1) Exponential phase- population increases because natality rate is higher than mortality rate. 2) Transitional Phase- natality falls, mortality starts to rises but natality is higher still, population rises but less rapidly 3) Plateau phase- natality and mortality are equal, population size is constant, reached its carrying capacity set by some limiting factor.
200
The stabilizing effect of a product causing the opposite effect on a stimulus.
What is negative feedback?
300
The size of a virus.
What is 100 nanometers?
300
Draw an example of condensation
What is peptide linkage. (should show amino acids coming together creating water)
300
outline the consequences of base substitution, with an example.
What is the replacement of a single nucleotide with the wrong one. Example sickle cell disease, where CTC codon is replaced with CAC, this causes a change in the amino acid produced (valine instead of glutamic acid) therefore causing a change in the phenotype of the cell. In some regions it is thought to have a higher probability of protecting against malaria.
300
three evidences of evolution given by Darwin.
What are homologous anatomical structures, the fossil record, and selective breeding?
300
Describe the structure of veins and the reason for this structure.
What is time layers of few circular elastic and muscle fibers because blood does not flow in pulses so veins do not pump the blood, wide lumen allows blood to flow slowly, thin walls allow the vein to be pressed flat helping blood to move, think outer layer of collagen and elastic fiber because little danger of bursting.
400
A microscope image size of 5 mm is magnified at 800x, this would be it's actual size.
What is 160mm?
400
the ability of DNA to replicate is dependent upon this
What is complimentary base pairing. A-T, C-G allows you always to know the opposite side no matter what.
400
An individual might be heterozygous is crossed with an individual that is homozygous recessive.
What is a test cross?
400
The role of saprotrophs in recycling nutrients.
What is bacteria and fungi secreting digestive enzyme into dead organic matter, breaking down the matter and the nutrients locked in that matter are released into the ground allowing organisms to uptake the nutrients?
400
Explain the relationship between the villus and it's function
What is how villi increase surface area to allow more absorption, one thin layer of cells allow faster absorption, smaller protrusions of villi (called microvilli) increase even greater surface area, mitochondria in the villi provide needed ATP for active transport of absorption, blood capillaries are close to epithelium cells so distance to blood stream is small, and a lacteal in centre of villi carries away fats after absorption.
500
Outline the use of cord blood stem cells in treating patients
What is 1)removal of cord blood from umbilical cord. 2) Red blood cells are removed remaining fluid is tested, checked for disease and stored 3) used to treat patients that develop cancer and need bone marrow transplants. 4) selected blood is taken from storage and fed into patient, cells establish themselves in patients bone marrow
500
Explain the affect of substrate-enzyme specificity
What is the ability of only a specific number of substrates to bind to one enzyme due to the chemical make and shape of the active site. Some chemicals do not fit or do not bind to the active site meaning they can not be broken down. Similar to a lock and a key. Some keys can fit in a lock but do not turn it, others will not fit at all, and some actually allow the lock to work.
500
Outline the process of gene transfer into bacteria for GMOs
What is extraction of the target sequence, cutting a plasmid and the target sequence with the same restriction enzyme, mixing the two, sealing with ligase, inserting into bacteria and growing.
500
Explain energy flow and loss through an ecosystem, including consumer.
What is light energy converted to chemical energy by photosynthesis in producers, energy passes to consumers when they eat each other or producers, energy is lost due to not all matter digested- passing on to detritivores and saprotrophs, energy lost through heat in main tissues (via cellular respiration)
500
Discuss the action potential in terms of ion movement.
What is active transport of Na+ and K+ at resting potential (-70mV), followed by facilitated passive diffusion of Na+ into the axon for depolarisation (till about +40mV), followed by closing of Na+ channels and opening of K+ channels causing depolarisation by K+ diffusing out of the axon, mV drop below resting potential due to slow closing channels keeping nerve impulse traveling in one direction, concentration gradients are restored via active transport.