Topic 9.1: Water Flow In Plants
The name of the lignin-supported tubes that transport water in plants.
Xylem
What is the name of the living tube that allows a bi-directional flow of solutes like sugars through a plant?
Phloem
The name of the undifferentiated mass of rapidly-dividing cells at the very tip of a growing plant stem is called the:
Apical meristem
The process by which pollen grains are transferred from anther to stigma. It's often performed by mutualistic insects.
Pollination
This hormone is involved in seed germination :D
Gibberellin
The evaporation of water from the leaves of the plant that helps to draw water up the water column in the plant stem.
Transpiration
Sugars within the vascular tissues of plants always flow from a photosynthetic ____________ to a ___________.
Source, Sink
The hormone responsible for the growth of plant stems and their bending towards or away from light is primarily...
Auxin
The embryonic shoot of the developing seed is called the ______________ and is fed by the tissue in the ________________.
Epicotyl, cotyledon
Lateral meristems
The type of transport that brings solutes directly into the roots against its concentration gradient in order to generate osmotic potential to induce the flow of water into plant roots.
Active transport
The process by which sugar is loaded into the vascular tissue of plants from the adjacent companion cells by pumping H+ ions into the companion cell to activate a symporter pump is called...
Phloem-Loading
The phenomenon by which plants ensure that their lateral buds do not grow before their apical buds due to a high concentration of growth hormone is called...
Apical dominance
The male reproductive parts of the flower are the stem-like _____________ and the pollen-covered _________.
Filaments, anther
Possible sources: stem, leaves, anything green
Possible sinks: fruits, roots, growing leaves/etc.
The name of the process by which liquid (such as water) flows down a concentration gradient from high pressure to low.
Mass flow
The process by which mass flow of water is used to help carry sugar through vascular tissue by utilizing pressure gradients is called....
Translocation
A plants roots grow away from the sun because when roots detect sunlight, they transport the hormone ___________ to the side of the root facing _________ from the sun, which causes the roots cells to ___________.
Auxin, away, shrink/collapse/shorten/etc.
Essential conditions for plant germination include (must state 3):
Water, oxygen, heat, pH
Please state the 4 stages of micropropagation:
1. Explant
2. Multiplication
3. Rooting
4. Transfer
Please state the 2 environmental factors that cause transpiration rates to increases in a potometer and the one environmental factor that causes the rate to decrease.
Heat/Temperature - Increase Rate
Wind - Increase Rate
Humidity - Decrease Rate
The force that induces water to leave the xylem and go into the phloem is ______________ potential, whereas the force that induces the water to flow from a source to a sink thus transporting the sugar is _________________ potential.
Osmotic/water, pressure
When plant stems bend towards light - a process called _______________ - the hormone __________ is released via ____________ transport to the side of the plant facing ___________ from the sun, thus causing those cells to ____________ and the plant to bend.
Phototropism, auxin, active, away, elongate/grow/extend/etc.
Long-day plants operate off of _____________ control wherein the amount of ______ generated from ____ during the day helps to increase the transcription of the genes that help promote ______________.
Positive, PFR, PR, flowering
You are working in a greenhouse and told that the plants aren't taking up water fast enough. What conditions do you change to help with this, and how might this help?
Increase temperature, increase wind to increase transpiration.