Characteristics of Life
What is the sum of all of the chemical reactions in a cell.
Metabolism
What are the 2 organisms we focused on during the lab?
1. Paramecium
2. Chlamydomonas
What is the smallest level of biological organization?
Atom
What is an emergent property?
A NEW characteristic or property that only emerges when the PARTS interact in the wider WHOLE.
Give an example of an ABIOTIC factor, and a BIOTIC factor.
Abiotic: Rock, Air, Water, etc.
Biotic: Animal, plant, cell, etc.
Compare sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.
Sexual reproduction: Two parents. Meiosis. Genetically different offspring. Fusing 2 haploid cells.
Asexual reproduction: One parent. Mitosis. Genetically same offspring. Cloning.
Paramecium and Chlamydomonas grow until they reach a maximum surface area to volume ratio. What function of life is this an example of?
Growth
What level of organization is "neuron" an example of?
Cell
How is water an example of an emergent property? Give the parts, and explain the new property of the whole.
Hydrogen atoms and Oxygen atoms come together to form a water molecule, which has the new properties of hydrogen bonding, high specific heat, adhesion, cohesion, etc.
True or false: All levels of organization exist among all organisms.
FALSE
Give at least 2 reasons as to why viruses are not typically considered alive.
1. They are not made of cells
2. They do not maintain homeostasis on their own
3. They do not have their own metabolism
4. They can not reproduce on their own
What STRUCTURE do paramecium use in order to respond to the environment?
Cilia
What level of organization is a flock of seagulls an example of?
Population
How is a heart (an ORGAN) an example of an emergent property? Give the parts, and explain the new property of the whole.
Heart/cardiac tissues come together to form a working heart, which has the new property of pumping blood.
What is the name of the process that paramecium and chlamydomonas do in order to reproduce?
Cell Division/ Mitosis
Name at least 5 common functions carried out by all life.
1. Reproduction (Asexual/Sexual)
2. Having a metabolism
3. Growth/Development
4. Adaptation and evolution
5. Sensitivity and response
6. Having cells (Cellular structure)
7. Consuming energy and matter
8. Excretion
9. Homeostasis
Paramecium and Chlamydomonas have contractile vacuoles that swells and expels water periodically. What function of life is this an example of?
Homeostasis
Unicellular: Made of one cell. ex: paramecium, bacteria, chlamydomonas, etc.
Multicellular: Made of many cells. ex: cat, dog, tree, Ms. Martinez, etc.
How is the digestive system (ORGAN SYSTEM) an example of an emergent property? Give the parts, and explain the new property of the whole.
Different organs (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, etc.) come together to create the digestive system, which has the new property of breaking down absorbing nutrients from food and liquids.
What is the difference between growth and development?
Growth: An individual's size or mass increases.
Development: An individual changes/transforms over its lifespan.
What is the difference between "responding" and "adapting"?
Responding: Happens at the INDIVIDUAL level. Response to the environment, quick, stimulus and response.
Adapting: Happens at the POPULATION level. Change in genes over time due to the environment. Natural Selection.
Compare how paramecium obtains energy and matter to how chlamydomonas obtains energy and matter. Make sure to include the STRUCTURES.
Paramecium: Eat smaller organisms using an oral groove
Chlamydomonas: Photosynthesis using chloroplasts
What is the difference between a population and a community? Give 1 example of each.
Population: Group of the SAME species that live in the same area. ex: groups of cats
Community: Populations of DIFFERENT species that live in the same area. ex: the birds, deer, and trees that live in a forest.
How is glucose (a MOLECULE) an example of an emergent property? Give the parts, and explain the new property of the whole.
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms comes together to create the glucose molecule. Glucose can be used for energy.
Which study of biology studies how organisms interact with their environment and other organisms?
Ecological Biology