DNA & Nucleic Acids
What are the monomers of DNA? Bonus points if you can say what they're made of.
Nucleotides (They are made of ribose, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base)
Why does DNA replicate?
DNA replicates so that every cell has the appropriate amount of DNA.
How many cells are produced by meiosis and mitosis?
Meiosis produces four, and mitosis produces two.
How many times do cells go through PMAT in meiosis?
Two times.
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division. It is used to create two identical somatic daughter cells.
What is it called when the second strand of DNA is upside down?
Anti-Parallel
What enzyme unzips DNA?
What are Homozygous and Heterozygous?
Homozygous: containing two of the same alleles for a particular gene.
Heterozygous: containing two different alleles for a particular gene.
What is the difference between Diploid and Haploid?
Diploid is when there is the full number of chromosomes (46 in humans), and Haploid is when there is half the number of chromosomes (23 in humans).
What is cytokinesis?
What is it called when there is one old strand of DNA and one old strand of DNA?
It is called semiconservative.
What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, whereas a phenotype is the physical traits of an organism.
What is non-disjunction and what does it cause?
Non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis. It can cause aneuploidy.
What are histones?
What enzyme builds new DNA strands?
DNA polymerase.
What percent chance is there that the offspring will inherit a certain allele from a parent?
What is oogenesis?
What stages of mitosis are spindle fibers used in, and what do they do?
What are the steps of PCR (Polymerase chain reaction)?
- Heating up the DNA strands to separate
- Cooling the DNA so primers can bond
- Place Taq polymerase to build new strands off of primers
If there is one homozygous and one heterozygous parent, what are the chances of the offspring being homozygous?
There is a 50% chance it will be homozygous.
Why does unequal cytokinesis happen in meiosis?
Unequal cytokinesis happens when one of the daughter cells requires more cytoplasm and/ or organelles than the other/s.
During interphase, there is cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for Mitosis.