1-System
Fundamentals
Fundamentals
A software delivery method that provides access to software and its functions remotely as a Web-based service.
SaaS (Software as a service)
Fetch-Decode-Execute cycle is managed by...
Control Unit
This is how devices or users prove their identity before sending or receiving data. It helps keep data safe from hackers and imposters.
Authentication
Identify the sorting algorithm that uses this code snippet:
// find index of minimum value
loop J from I+1 to N-1
if NUMS[J] < NUMS[MIN_I]
MIN_I = J
endif
endloop
Selection Sort
Car has Engine, and Engine cannot exist without a Car. This is an example of ...
Composition
One disadvantage of automatic software update is...
Reduce control over when changes from the update are applied.
The purpose of cache is ...
...to store copies of recently or frequently used data or instructions so the CPU doesn’t have to wait for slower memory (RAM).
The purpose of a network interface card is ...
to allow a device (like a computer, laptop, or printer) to connect to a network, wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi)
Difference between static and final keywords is ...
static is about sharing (static members belong to the class itself, not to any specific object),
final is about restricting change - means cannot be changed.
One reason for using the static keyword with class attributes is …
Counter - Count the number of objects being instantiated for that class
Constant values (e.g. maximum, PI)
Configuration setting (static int schoolYear = 2026;)
Difference between usability and accessibility is ...
Usability is about how easy a device is to use. Target group is “typical” users. Accessibility is about whether everyone can use it, including people with disabilities.
The hexadecimal for 29 is ...
0x1d
One advantage and one disadvantage of fiber optic cables
Advantage - Very high bandwidth and speed; Immune to interference;
Disadvantage - Expensive, fragile, harder to install
Find the problem with this pseudocode for a collection B:
COUNT = 0
B.resetNext()
loop while B.getNext()
CURR_B = B.getNext()
X[COUNT] = CURR_B
COUNT = COUNT + 1
endloop
loop while B.getNext() should be loop while B.hasNext()
Two types of polymorphism are ...
Method overriding & method overloading
Difference between a software update and release is...
Updates - released more frequently to tackle issues as they arise -e.g. fixing bugs, improving security
Release - new version with significant changes & features, less frequent depending on development cycle
Lights should turn on (L) if either the wall switch is on (W), or it’s dark (D) and motion is detected (M). What is the logic expression for L in terms of inputs W, D and M
W OR (D AND M)
Difference between a firewall and proxy server is ...
A firewall filters incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect a system, whereas a proxy server acts as an intermediary that manages and filters user requests to external servers - IP masking, blocks or filters content based on rules, caches (stores frequently accessed data) to improve speed
The complexity of binary search is O(log n) because ...
Binary search works on a sorted list; Each comparison cuts the search space in half. The number of times you can halve n until only one element remains is log2n
Two disadvantages of OOP
The 4 ways to prevent data loss are ...
Failover/Backup system, Data storage redundancy, Removable media, Online backup
A digital circuit is made of 2 XOR gates arranged as follows: (A XOR B) XOR C. Combinations of A, B and C that give an output of 1 are ...
ABC is 001, 010, 100, 111
Compare the hardware components of wifi with cellular networks
Wifi - Wireless Router & Access Point, Modem, Antennas, Client Devices (Laptops, smartphones, tablets) with Wi-Fi adapters on Network Interface Card (NIC)
Cellular - Cell Towers (Base Stations), Mobile Devices (Phones, tablets) with cellular radios and SIM Card, Antennas
Pseudocode to find common elements from 2 collections:
A = {8, 2, 11, 5}
B = {5, 6, 8, 10} // Collection
A.resetNext()
B.resetNext() // Moves to beginning of collection
loop while A.hasNext()
A_VAL = A.getNext()
B.resetNext()
loop while B.hasNext()
B_VAL = B.getNext()
if A_VAL = B_VAL then
output A_VAL
endif
endloop
endloop
Difference between extends and implements in Java is ...
extends is used to inherit from a class, while implements is used to implement an interface.