Topic 1 - Foundations
Flows on systems diagrams are represented with this symbol.
Arrows
How much of the energy is lost in every transfer on average?
90%
The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area.
Biodiversity
Reliable use of clean and safe water to satisfy our need.
Water security
This biome is characterized by high levels of precipitation and insolation (sunlight) and lies close to the equator.
Tropical rainforest (although I'll also accept savannah)
17 goals set by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030.
Sustainable Development Goals
Which happens faster and why - primary succession or secondary succession?
Secondary succession, because the soil remains intact and does not need to be formed again.
The 3 types of biodiversity
Species, Habitat, Genetics
Horizontal movement of condensed water
Advection
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another.
This EVS is more likely to believe that mankind's innovation will preserve us through any challenge.
Technocentric
Apex predators in a given food chain tend to have very high concentrations of toxins in their tissues, while herbivores tend to have much lower levels of these toxins. What is the term for this phenomenon?
Biomagnification
Biodiveristy conservation tool showing the threatening status of different species.
IUCN Red List
What is one solution for water scarcity?
building dams and reservoirs, desalination, recharging aquifers, rainwater harvesting, more efficient appliances, drought resistant crops, watering at night to prevent evaporation
Name 2 abiotic limiting factors in ecosystems.
light, water, salinity, temperature, etc
The human right to live in a non-polluted environment disregarding social/economic differences.
Environmental justice
Energy is mainly lost as heat. This is explained by the ___________ of thermodynamics.
Location with high biodiversity but also high threat.
Biodiversity hotspot
Name an unsustainable fishing or aquaculture method.
Bottom trawling, Ghost fishing, Poisons, Explosives
What sampling method is best used when determining the population size of a motile organism?
Catch and release/Lincoln Index
The amount of resources used and waste produced compared to how fast nature can provide them/ absorb waste.
Ecological Footprint
If the NPP of a system is 40 kcal/m^2/year and the R is 25 kcal/m^2/year, what is the GPP?
GPP = NPP + R, so GPP = 65 kcal/m^2/year
Conservation efforts aim to protect this species, as many other depend on them.
Umbrella species
Maximum amount of fish extracted without harming their reproductive capacity
Maximum sustainable yield.
Name the water flow that involves the vertical movement of water througout the soil layers
Percolation