FROM THE CAPE TO THE UNION
Until this canal opened in 1869, the Cape was the only sea route between Europe and Asia.
What is the Suez Canal?
This 1913 act barred Africans from owning or renting land outside the scheduled reserves.
What is the Natives Land Act?
This man led the National Party to victory in the 1948 election.
Who is D.F. Malan?
This 1950 act classified every South African as White, Coloured or Native.
What is the Population Registration Act?
Minister of Native Affairs from 1950 and prime minister from 1958, he was apartheid's chief architect.
Who is Hendrik Verwoerd?
The Dutch East India Company planted a refreshment station at the Cape in this year.
What is 1652?
What is 1652?
The 1936 Native Trust and Land Act raised reserve land to roughly this share of the country.
What is 13%?
The National Party campaigned on this Afrikaans slogan meaning "black peril."
What is swart gevaar?
This 1950 act zoned every urban area by race and drove millions of forced removals.
What is the Group Areas Act?
He took South Africa into the Second World War on the Allied side and lost the 1948 election.
Who is Jan Smuts?
Diamonds were discovered at this town in 1867, raising the stakes across southern Africa.
What is Kimberley?
This 1911 act reserved skilled and semi-skilled mining jobs for whites — the colour bar.
What is the Mines and Works Act?
The National Party took a parliamentary majority while losing this.
What is the popular vote?
From 1952 every African over sixteen had to carry this 96-page reference book.
What is the dompas?
This commission spent five years concluding the homelands needed £104 million — and was then ignored.
What is the Tomlinson Commission?
Fleeing British rule after 1835, Boer trekkers founded the Transvaal and this other republic.
What is the Orange Free State?
In 1936 African voters were struck from the common roll in this province, ending a franchise dating from 1853.
What is the Cape?
This United Party commission concluded that African urbanisation was permanent and could not be reversed.
What is the Fagan Commission?
This 1953 act authorised separate public facilities and stated they need not be equal.
What is the Reservation of Separate Amenities Act?
This historian argued the reserves subsidised capital by supplying and maintaining cheap labour.
Who is Harold Wolpe?
Britain first seized the Cape in 1795 to keep it out of the hands of this power.
What is France?
Under the "civilised labour" policy, this 1925 act pushed private firms to hire white workers.
What is the Wage Act?
Founded in 1918, this secret Afrikaner brotherhood filled the new National Party cabinet.
What is the Broederbond?
This 1951 act created the homelands and abolished the Natives Representative Council.
What is the Bantu Authorities Act?
These two historians argued apartheid was improvised under pressure, with no blueprint in 1948.
Who are Deborah Posel and Saul Dubow?