KINEMATICS & NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
What is the interval that goes direct; in a straight line, from the start point to the end point?
Displacement
What is work?
The application of a force over a displacement.
What is Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)?
Motion in a circle at a constant speed
What is the difference between thermal energy and internal energy?
U it the TOTAL PE between the particles and plus the total random KE of all the particles in a gas, where as T is a measure of the AVG KE.
What is the effect of the Doppler effect on the color of stars and galaxies that are moving away from Earth?
Light shifts towards the red end of the visible spectrum.
What is terminal speed?
The fastest speed reached by a free falling object under influence of gravity and air resistance.
What is mechanical energy?
The sum of kinetic and potential energy.
What is the amount of work done on an object moving in circular motion by the force responsible for its centripetal acceleration?
It is always zero.
What is the second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy?
The property of a system that measures of the random disorder of molecules and particles always increases in any natural processes.
What frequencies of sounds will persist in a wind instrument that has a closed at one end of the tube?
longitudinal sound waves that have resonant/natural frequencies given by 2n/4L where n = 1, 3, 5,...
What is Newton's 2nd Law of motion?
Rate of change in momentum.
What is the law of conservation of energy?
Energy does not get created and it is never destroyed, it is transferred or transformed.
a. What is assumption made when applying Newton's Universal law of gravitation? b. When is it appropriate to make this assumption?
a. Objects act as point masses. b. When their radii is much less than the distance between the two objects.
What are the three main factors that affect the rate of evaporation?
temperature, surface area and air flow
What are green house gases?
Gases that oscillates at the same natural frequency as the infrared radiation emitted from the surface of earth; causing them to absorb IR due to the same resonance effect that allows standing waves to persists in musical instruments.
What is a free body diagram?
A diagram or sketch of an object separate from its immediate environment that has forces represented by scaled vector arrows leading away from its central point.
What is conserved in an inelastic collision?
Kinetic energy and momentum
What is the gravitational field strength?
is defined as the force per unit mass exerted on a small test mass (aka acceleration due to gravity).
a. What are the assumptions made for ideal gases. b. When is it appropriate to make these assumptions.
IDEAL GAS ASSUMPTIONS a.i. Large number of particles moving in a random directions at a variety of speeds. ii. Molecules are spread far apart, such that, they only exert forces on each other when they collide. iii. molecular speeds are constant between collisions; and iv. all collisions are considered as being perfectly elastic. b. all gases behave as ideal gases at low pressures/particle densities and far from liquefaction point.
What is meant by an optical analyzer?
A substance that rotates the plane of light polarization.
What is force required to keep an object in constant motion?
No force, it is natural tendency innate in all objects called inertia.
What is the Work-Energy theorem?
A theory that describes the relationship between the net work done on an object and its change in velocity. When friction is negligible: net W = ∆KE = ½m(∆v)^2 . Otherwise, for situations were friction cannot be considered negligible: W done by friction = ∆E = ∆(KE + PE)
What are equipotential surfaces?
indicate surfaces with a constant amount of energy per unit mass [J/m]. They are perpendicular to field lines and their spacing affects how gradient in field strength of changes.
What is the equation for the first law of thermodynamics when work done on the system is positive?
∆U = Q + W
What is the Rayleigh criterion?
An image of two sources of light will be just resolved when the central peak of one diffraction pattern lines up with the first minimum of the second diffraction pattern. θ = 1.22 λ / b