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Define that term
Name that term
Who Dunnit?
What are the findings?
Grab Bag
100
Schema
What is a mental short-cut/mental plan for action. Frameworks through which to view the world.
100
This brain structure is part of the limbic system and is involved in the formation of new memories.
What is the hippocampus?
100
War of the Ghosts
Who is Bartlett?
100
Loftus and Palmer (1974)
Post-event info affected eye-witness account. Participants with the verb 'smashed into' estimated higher car speeds than those with the verb 'hit' or 'bumped'. The leading question affected their memory.
100
Emotion consists of these three components.
Physiological change, subjective interpretation, behavioural display
200
Primacy Effect
Tendency to recall the first words of the list well, which indicates that the first words entered short-term memory and had time to be rehearsed and passed on to long-term memory before the STM capacity was reached. The primacy effect, therefore, involves recall from long-term memory.
200
Repeating a piece of information in order to transfer it from short term memory store, to long-term memory store.
What is 'rehearsal'?
200
Two-factor theory of emotion, which states that emotion is a function of both cognitive factors and physiological arousal. According to the theory, "people search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal.
Who are Schachter and Singer?
200
Anderson and Prichert (1978)
Schemas affect memory encoding and retrieval. Those who changed schemas at retrieval ended up remembering more than those who kept the same schema.
200
Name on technology used to study cognitive processes and give a study that used that technology.
MRI: Kilts (2003) - product preferences and our sense of self Montague (2004) - Pepsi vs Coke - brand preference PET - Mosconi (2005) - to investigate detection of Alzheimer's.
300
Structural Level (Levels of Processing)
What is: (appearance) when we encode only the physical qualities of something. E.g. the typeface of a word or how the letters look.
300
Type of memory which consists of fact-based information that can be consciously retrieved ('knowing what').
What is 'explicit/declarative memory'
300
Appraisal theory of emotion - idea that emotions are extracted from our evaluations (appraisals) of events that cause specific reactions in different people. Essentially, our appraisal of a situation causes an emotional, or affective, response that is going to be based on that appraisal.
Who is Lazarus?
300
Cole and Scribner (1974)
Formal schooling helps improve ability on memory tests - schooling provides practice with rehearsal and chunking.
300
This study examined how different types of fisherman (from either European background or Native American background) categorize fish when remembering. It shows that our culture affects storage of memory and recall.
What is "Medin et al."
400
Inferences (as related to reliability of memory - SLO 5)
What is when subjects would infer information not present in testimony based on their expectations. For example if given the testimony 'I ran up to the burglar alarm in the hall' many would later assert that the burglar alarm had been rung.
400
A subsystem of implicit memory, this is the non-conscious memory for skills, habits and actions ('knowing how')
What is 'procedural memory'?
400
These researchers used fMRI scans on patients with Alzheimer's Disorder and found they had lower activation of the MTL (what does that stand for??)
Who are Schwindt and Black (2009)
400
Talarico and Rubin (2003)
Participants memories of 9/11 as well as an everyday event around that same time BOTH became less consistent over time. However, people tended to be more confident in their memory of 9/11. This study challenges FBM theory.
400
There are two strands of evidence to support the multi-store model: free recall experiments (such as glanzer and cunitz) and this second strand.
What are: studies of brain damaged patients (HM and Clive Wearing). This supports the idea that we have a STS and LTS - as they had anterograde amnesia and could no longer tranfer info from STS to LTS.
500
Asymptote (as part of serial position curve)
the middle portion items of the list are remembered far less well than those at the beginning and the end. This is probably because the increasing number of items fills the limited capacity of the STM and these later items are unable to be properly rehearsed and transferred to LTM before they are displaced (lost).
500
Schemas operate as these, in that they constantly try to make sense of new information by making the best fit with it.
What are 'active recognition devices'?
500
A free recall study done by these researchers supports the MSM of memory. They found that given an interference task after hearing a list of words, causes the recency effect to disappear but the primacy effect is still maintained. To get full credit: How do their findings support MSM then?
Who are Glanzer and Cunitz. Supports the existence of a short-term store (the words at the end of the list were in short term store and thus disappeared after an interference task) and supports existence of long-term store. The words at the beginning of list presumably got rehearsed and transferred from STS to LTS.
500
Dutton and Aron (1974)
Men on higher bridge found themselves more attracted to woman interviewer than those on lower bridge. Idea is that they looked to the environment to explain their physiological reactions (in this case, high heart rate, sweating, nervousness) and mistook their physical reactions as attraction. This supports two-factor theory of emotion.
500
This study supports FBM theory. Researchers found that 85.6 % of UK citizens had FBM of the unexpected resignation of PM Margaret Thatcher 11 months after the event.
What is "Conway et al. (1994)"?