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Sampling Techniques
Experiments
Experiments cont.
The Research Process
Grab Bag
100
The type of sampling where a participant recruits other participants to be in the study
What is 'snowball sampling'
100
Identify the DV in the following research question: Does caffeine increase attention span?
What is 'attention span'?
100
This is the type of hypothesis where one predicts that the IV will have an affect on the DV
What is research/experimental hypothesis?
100

These are the three main parts of a study

What are 'aim, method, findings'

100
Before beginning an experiment, researchers must obtain this from the participants.
What is 'informed consent'?
200
A type of sampling where everyone in the target population has an equal shot of being chosen for the sample.
What is 'random sampling'?
200
This is the variable that the researcher manipulates.
What is 'independent variable'?
200
These are the two conditions in an experiment.
What is 'control and experimental conditions'
200
This term refers to when a study measures what it is intended to measure.
What is 'validity'?
200
All participants have the right to this, meaning they can leave the experiment if they wish.
What is 'withdrawal'?
300
Sampling method where participants volunteer.
What is 'self-selected sampling'?
300
This type of hypothesis says that the IV will have no affect on the DV.
What is 'null hypothesis'?
300

Define a) repeated measures design and b) independent groups design

What is a) The same participant is tested in both the control condition and the experimental condition. In other words, the same participant is tested twice. b) A comparison is made between two unrelated groups of participants. One group receives the experimental treatment and one group doesn’t.

300
This term refers to when a study reflects what happens in real life.
What is 'ecological validity'?
300
This is an ethical consideration in which the researcher does not tell the participants the true aim initially.
What is 'deception'?
400
Type of sampling where participants are in the study because they are readily available.
What is "convenience/opportunity sampling"?
400
Operationalize the following IV and DV below: IV - whether or not stimulants are used DV - athletic performance
What is (answers will vary)
400
a) In this type of experiment the study is carried out in the natural environment, but the researcher still manipulates variables. b) the study is carried out in the natural environment but the researcher has no control of the variables
What is a) Field experiment b) Natural experiment
400
This is the ability of a study to produce the same results if repeated multiple times.
What is 'reliability'
400
All samples should be _______. That is, they reflect the target population.
What is 'representative'?
500
Sampling method where participants are randomly chosen from subpopulations of the target population.
What is 'stratified sampling'?
500
a) Give the definition of Researcher Bias b) Give one remedy for this type of confounding variable
What is a) Errors in research that occur due to the personal motives and/or expectations of the researcher or research team. b) Standardization or Double-blind control
500
This is a confounding variable in which characteristics of the sample affect the dependent variable. (also give a remedy for it)
What is 'participant variability'? Remedy: Select a random sample – or randomly allocate the participants to the treatment or control groups. Or increase sample size
500
This term refers to agreement among raters.
What is 'inter-rater reliability'?
500
In research the aim is to be able to take our findings and generalize them to the larger population. Which is known as this.
What is 'generalizability'?