Research Methods
The type of study in which the main independent variable is manipulated by the researcher
True experiment
The type of validity that refers to how applicable results are to the "real world"
ecological validity
The average proportion of genes shared between non-identical siblings
50%
In dual processing theory, the type of thinking that is fast, automatic, and involves making subconscious associations
Type 1 thinking, or intuitive thinking
The cognitive bias in which people tend to think that if relatively more effort was put into something, it must be higher quality
effort heuristic
The term that means the group of specific people you recruit for a study
sample
The type of bias that refers to when the people recruited for a study don't accurately reflect the population being studied
sampling bias
One example of a neurotransmitter
A cognitive framework or simplified representation of something based on previous knowledge
schema
The cognitive bias which means when people make an estimate based on the first piece of information they see
anchoring bias
The type of study that usually focuses on a single person and uses multiple methods
case study
A strength of true experiments
Good at showing cause and effect between an IV and DV
Highly standardized and replicable
Relatively few extraneous variables
A chemical produced by glands in the body which travels through the bloodstream and can affect behavior
hormones
The three parts of the Multi-Store Memory Model
sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
The cognitive bias describing when someone is superior in a single area and people assume that this person is superior in other areas as well
halo effect
The type of study which involves observing people in their natural setting
field observation, or naturalistic observation
An uncontrolled variable, other than the independent variable, which affects the dependent variable
Extraneous or confounding variable
One example of a hormone
Some possible responses: testosterone, estrogen, adrenaline, cortisol
Name two parts of the Working Memory Model
visuo-spatial sketchpad, phonological loop, central executive, episodic buffer
The cognitive bias describing the tendency of people to find other people more physically attractive when they are in a group than when they are alone
cheerleader effect
The type of study that looks for statistical relationships among naturally occurring variables
Correlational study
When the behavior of participants changes in response to what they think the purpose of the experiment is
Demand characteristics
The part of the brain that converts short-term memory to long-term memory, and which also plays a role in spatial memory
hippocampus
The term that refers to recreating a memory based on information learned before, during, and after the actual event
Reconstructive memory
A term which means a systematic error in thinking or decision-making
cognitive bias