Bones n stuff
What are the 3 anatomical planes? Name and description....
frontal plane - divides body into front and back
Sagittal plane - divides body into right and left
Transverse plane - divides the body into top and bottom
What does a ligament connect? What does a tendon connect? What does a fascia do?
Ligament - connects bone to bone
Tendon - connects muscle to bone
Fascia - wraps around muscles
What are Newton's 3 Laws? Name and describe!
1st Law - Law of Inertia - object in motion stays in motion, object at rest stays at rest. (until acted upon by force)
2nd Law - Law of Acceleration - Force= MA
3rd Law - Law of action and reaction - for every action is an equal and opposite reaction
Describe the R.I.C.E method for treating acute injuries.
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
What is the main function of the axial skeleton?
Protection
Stand up and demonstrate the following skeletal muscle movements:
flexon, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction, dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion
TBD - morrow judge
Stand up and identify the following muscles:
pectoralis major, rectus abdominus, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, external oblique, deltoid
Mrs. Morrow to judge TBD
What are the 3 parts of a lever in the body?
FRE
Fulcrum
Resistance (load)
Effort
What is the main reason you apply ice to an acute injury?
To reduce inflammation and numb pain
What is the difference between linear and angular motion?
Linear - movement in a straight line
Angular - when an object or athlete rotates around an axis (also called rotational motion)
Identify the plane of movement:
walking -
doing a jumping jack
russian twist ab excercise -
walking - sagittal
jumping jack - frontal
russian twist - transverse
Isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic are types of muscle contractions used in exercise and rehabilitation, defined by whether muscle length, tension, or speed remains constant. Describe:
Isotonic
Isokinetic
Isometric
What type of levers are:
The neck (nodding your head)
Bicep curl
Standing on tiptoes
1st - The joint between the skull and spine acts as the fulcrum. The muscles at the back of the neck provide the effort, lifting the load of the face/head
3rd - The elbow is the fulcrum, the biceps tendon pulling on the forearm is the effort (middle), and the weight in the hand is the load
2nd - The ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum, the body weight is the load in the middle, and the calf muscles (gastrocnemius) provide the effort by pulling up on the heel.
You are performing a neurological exam on a patient with an injured extremity (limb). What 5 things should you check?
Pain
Pulse
Movement
Feeling
Temperature
Will accept cap refill also
A golfer wants to make their ball travel further by increasing the force applied to the ball. Assuming it is hit by the same acceleration, what type of golf club should they use?
Lightest? Longest? Heaviest? Widest?
heaviest
F= MA
Define the following terms/positions:
Anterior, posterior, superior, inferior, medial, lateral, bilateral, proximal, distal
Prone, supine, lateral, trendelenburg, high fowlers
Morrow to judge, TBD
What is the difference between concentric and eccentric muscle movement?
Concentric - shortening/lifting (Lifting a barbell in a bicep curl, pushing up in a push-up, standing up from a squat)
Eccentric - lengthening/lower (Lowering a barbell in a bicep curl, lowering down in a push-up, squatting down)
What is the magnus effect?
What is Bernoulli's principle?
Magnus - A spinning object in a fluid (or in air) creates a pressure difference that bends its path. (Soccer curve shots, top-spin tennis, baseball curveballs )
Bernoulli - As fluid speed increases, its pressure decreases (Aircraft lift, venturi tubes, atomizers )
Essentially: Bernoulli is the "why" (low pressure follows high speed), and Magnus is the "what" (spinning ball curves).
What is lateral epicondylitis?
tennis elbow
What is fluid mechanics?
Branch of physics that studies behavior of fluids (liquids and gasses too) and the forces that act on them.
Describe where you would find the following on a long bone: proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis, diaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, medullary cavity
proximal epiphysis - end of bone at top (closer to point of attachment)
distal epiphysis - end of bone at bottom (further away from point of attachment)
Diaphysis - mid section of bone
articular cartilage - tip of proximal epiphysis
periosteum - layer of bone AROUND diaphysis
medullary cavity - inner layer of diaphysis
What muscle helps with the following facial expressions?:
Smiling, shaking head "No", clenching jaw, closing the eyelids
smiling - zygomaticus major
shaking head no - sternocleidomastoid
clenching jaw - masseter
closing eyelids - orbicularis oculi
Explain how a gymnast increases their angular velocity during a somersault...
By reducing their moment of inertia (moving limbs closer to the axis of rotation/tucking), which allows them to rotate faster without needing more energy.
What type of complication may arise after a compound fracture?
Osteomyelitis (bone infection)
Choose a member of each team to compete in Mrs. Morrow's Simon Says
Mrs. Morrow judge...