ATP/PC
What is Phosphocreatine?
High energy chemical compound, known as "PC" or "PCr"
What are Macronutrients?
The 4 are Fats, Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Water
What is the chemical composition of a protein?
C, H, O, N
What is cellular respiration?
The controlled release of energy in the form of ATP through the breakdown of organic compounds in the cells
Another name for the lactic acid system
Anaerobic
Which energy system is the quickest to re-synthesize ATP?
Creatine phosphate
What are the Micronutrients?
Vitamins, Minerals, and Fiber
What is 1:2:1?
The ratio of Carbons and Oxygen to Hydrogen in Carbohydrates
These are produced in the Krebs Cycle after pyruvic acid breaks down into AcetylCoA
Electrons
What is the net amount of ATP produced during Anaerobic Glycolysis?
2 ATP (4 produced, 2 by each pyruvate, but 2 invested initially in glucose breakdown)
What are the examples of an exercise that would be predominantly fueled by the ATP/PC system?
Short distance max effort sprints, max effort lifts, high jump, long jump, shot put, discus
What are Essential Amino Acids?
Amino Acids that must be obtained from foods because they cannot be manufactured in the body
The chemical process of breaking down of carbohydrates into glycogen
This is an example of a running activity that relies prodominantly on the aerobic system
Marathon
What is pyruvate or pyruvic acid?
The molecule that is created after glucose is broken down in the inital stages of glycolysis
Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule
When ADP is in need of a Phosphate, it will pick up available phosphates from the mitochondria, recharge and become ATP again
What is the kJ amount in 100 grams of carbohydrate?
1760 kJ
What is one glycerol and three fatty acids?
This is the composition of a triglyceride molecule
The process by which fats are broken down to liberate electrons to send through the Electron transport Chain to create ATP
Beta oxidation
What is lactic acid?
The anaerobic glycolysis system that is dominant from about 10–30 seconds during a maximal effort
What are the 5 strengths of the ATP-CP system with regard to the re-synthesis of ATP?
1. Allows ADP to gain a phosphate molecule very quickly/almost instantaneously so recovery time is quick. 2. Does not require oxygen 3. The CP is readily available «inside skeletal muscle» 4. Provides energy for explosive high intensity exercise/movement. 5. No fatiguing by-products
What are the characteristics of saturated fats?
These have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature
What is a condensation reaction?
The kind of reaction that occurs when a monosaccharide joins to another monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide through loss of a water molecule
This is a very specific part in the cell where oxidative phosphorolation occurs
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is Krebs cycle?
Is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.