Nucleic Acids
Thymine is replaced with this base in single-stranded nucleic acids.
What is uracil?
Of all the parts of the cell cycle, it is in this part of the interphase that DNA replication occurs.
What is the S phase?
This property of the genetic code allows multiple codons to code for the same amino acid.
What is degeneracy?
Chargaff's analysis of DNA samples proved useful when forming the rules of this principle regarding DNA structure.
What is complementary base pairing?
In PCR, this enzyme is taken from the Thermus aquaticus bacterium due to its resistance to high temperatures.
What is DNA polymerase?
While mRNA and tRNA can be found floating around the cytoplasm, this type of RNA is found in the organelle it's named after.
What is rRNA (ribosomal RNA)?
This enzyme is responsible for substituting RNA primers for DNA nucleotides towards the end of replication.
What is DNA polymerase I?
Franklin's expertise in this light-bending technique allowed her to prove that DNA had a double-helix structure.
What is x-ray crystallography/x-ray diffraction?
DNA profiling makes use of differences in these segments of non-coding DNA in order to compare people's DNA "fingerprints".
What are tandem repeats?
Adenine and guanine always pair with this type of single-ringed base, allowing DNA to remain a constant diameter.
What are pyrimidines?
DNA polymerase III only builds from 5' to 3', leading to a lagging strand that produces these disjointed segments of DNA.
What are Okazaki fragments?
DNA replication may use many enzymes, and transcription has RNA polymerase, but this is the only one used during translation.
What is the tRNA-activating enzyme?
One of the reasons that Watson and Crick's initial DNA model was rejected was because it contained too much of this metal element.
What is magnesium?
This type of nucleotide is missing its 3' OH group, allowing it to be used to produce strands of different lengths during base sequencing.
What are dideoxyribonucleotides?
This histone draws the line (quite literally) between wrapped DNA and linker DNA.
What is the H1 histone?
One of the reasons that DNA replications occurs so quickly is because of the creation of these "utensils" at different parts of the DNA strand.
What are replication forks?
Aside from tryptophan, this is the only other amino acid with only one codon on the genetic code.
What is methionine?
The results of the second generation of DNA replication in Meselson and Stahl's experiment falsified this model of DNA replication.
What is dispersive replication?
During gel electrophoresis, the current passing through gel separates DNA strands by length, leaving longer strands closer to this electrical pole.
What is the anode?
This property of histones allows DNA to naturally wrap around them using forces of attraction.
What is a positive charge?
Outside of DNA replication, this enzyme can also be used for inserting genes into plasmid vectors due to its ability to join segments of DNA.
What is ligase?
Before translation, the ribosome must read through this non-coding segment of mRNA attached by RNA polymerase until reaching the start codon.
What is the "cap"?
Hershey and Chase made use of this virus to help them prove that DNA was inherited as genetic information.
What is T4 bacteriophage?
The universality of the genetic code allows these modified organisms to produce human insulin.
What are transgenic bacteria?