Pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment and Management
Diet and Lifestyle
Random
100
What is the Rome IV criteria?
Diagnostic criteria*
Recurrent abdominal pain on average at least 1 day/week in the last 3 months, associated with two or more of the following criteria:
- Related to defecation
- Associated with a change in frequency of stool
- Associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool
*Criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months prior to diagnosis
100
Which osteopathic model focuses on the relationship between structure and function, explaining how lumbar hypertonicity can affect gut motility in IBS?
What is the Biomechanical Model?
100
This osmotic laxative is commonly used to help treat constipation in IBS-C.
What is PEG 3350?
100
This diet reduces fermentable carbohydrates that can worsen bloating, gas, and abdominal pain in IBS patients.
What is the low-FODMAP diet?
100
This term describes IBS that develops after an episode of acute infectious gastroenteritis
What is post-infectious IBS?
200
IBS is classified based on stool consistency. What are at least two of the four subtypes, and how is each generally defined?
IBS with Constipation (IBS-C):
- More than 25% of stools are hard or lumpy and less than 25% are loose/mushy or watery.
- Accounts for ~28% of cases.
IBS with Diarrhea (IBS-D):
- More than 25% of stools are loose/mushy or watery and less than 25% are hard or lumpy.
- Accounts for ~26% of cases.
IBS with Mixed Bowel Habits (IBS-M):
- More than 25% of stools are hard/lumpy and more than 25% are loose/mushy or watery.
- Accounts for ~44% of cases.
IBS-Unspecified (IBS-U):
- Stool consistency is insufficiently abnormal to fit the other subtypes.
- Some patients may switch subtypes over time
200
This key mechanism in IBS causes normal bowel stretching or gas to be felt as painful.
What is visceral hypersensitivity?
200
These medications reduce abdominal cramping by decreasing GI smooth muscle spasm through muscarinic blockade.
anticholinergics or antispasmodics?
200
This type of fiber is generally preferred in IBS because it forms a gel with water and is often better tolerated than insoluble fiber.
What is soluble fiber?
200
in a patient with chronic diarrhea and suspected IBS-D, this stool marker can help distinguish IBS from inflammatory bowel disease.
What is fecal calprotectin?
300
discusses the "gut-brain connection"
300
This IBS subtype includes both constipation and diarrhea.
What is IBS-M?
300
This nonpharmacologic intervention helps many IBS patients because stress can worsen symptoms through the brain-gut axis.
What is stress management?
300
This lifestyle habit can improve constipation-predominant IBS by helping stimulate bowel motility and promoting regular bowel habits.
What is regular physical activity?
300
This neurotransmitter, heavily involved in the GI tract, helps regulate motility, secretion, and sensation and is often implicated in IBS pathophysiology.
What is serotonin?
400
Name 2 differentials for IBS
Chrons and ulcertive colitis
400
This hallmark symptom of IBS is often relieved by defecation.
What is abdominal pain?
400
This chloride channel activator is used in IBS-C to increase intestinal fluid secretion.
What is lubiprostone?
400
This mechanism explains why poorly absorbed carbohydrates worsen IBS symptoms by drawing water into the intestinal lumen and undergoing bacterial fermentation.
What is an osmotic effect with gas-producing fermentation?
400
This property of soluble fiber makes it more helpful than insoluble fiber in many IBS patients.
What is it absorbs water and forms a gel, improving stool consistency with less irritation?
500
Name 2 tests to rule out other diagnoses for IBS
Celiac blood tests if diarrhea is present, especially IBS-D or IBS-M
Fecal calprotectin or fecal lactoferrin plus CRP if diarrhea is present, to help rule out IBD
500
This symptom is not a typical feature of IBS and should raise concern for another diagnosis if present at night.
What are nocturnal symptoms?
500
This class of drugs includes linaclotide and helps treat IBS-C by increasing intestinal fluid secretion and transit.
What are guanylate cyclase-C agonists?
500
This is the reason the low-FODMAP diet is not meant to be followed in a highly restrictive form forever.
What is the need to reintroduce foods to identify specific triggers and avoid unnecessary nutritional restriction?
500
This historical clue supports post-infectious IBS as the cause of ongoing symptoms.
What is onset after acute gastroenteritis?