Da Basics
What 2 things does something have to to have to be considered matter?
Mass and Take Up Space
What is the definition of an element?
a pure substance made of only one type of atom, that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
What is a valence electron?
An electron on the outermost orbital/ shell that decides the elements characteristics and willingness to bond with other elements.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy?
Energy and Mass can neither be created or destroyed
What range is considered acidic on the pH Scale?
What is the range for alkaline substances?
What substance is exactly at 7 on the pH scale?
7 or Below
7 or Above
Pure Water
What is the building block of all matter?
ATOMS
What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
Covalent Bonds form when elements share electrons, Ionic bonds form when elements transfer electrons.
What is a compound? What makes a compound unique from a molecule?
A compound is a substance with atoms w/at least two different elements chemically bonded in a fixed ratio. A Molecule is a broader term for any group of two or more atoms (same or different elements).
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
all matter is made of tiny particles (atoms/molecules) in constant motion, with their energy determining the state (solid, liquid, gas, plasma) and properties like temperature, pressure, and volume.
What is known as the universal solvent?
WATER
What is the difference between a quantitative result and a qualitative result?
Quantitative = Numbers, something you measure
Qualitative = Characteristics, Descriptions
What are the 5 families on the periodic table?
What are the three broad categories of elements?
Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals, transition metals, halogens, and noble gases
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids (Semiconductors)
What is the difference between a chemical and physical change?
Physical changes can be temporary or reversed - the substance is not changed on an atomic level.
Chemical changes result in a completely new substance and cannot be reversed.
Describe the shape and volume of solids, liquids, and gases? (Whether they have a definite shape or volume)
Solids = definite shape and definite volume
Liquids = no definite shape, definite volume
Gases = no definite shape, no definite volume
What is a solute? What is a solvent? What do they form when they combine?
Solute is the stuff you're mixing, solvent is the liquid
Solute + Solvent = Solution
What are the four states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
Why are Alkali Metals HIGHLY reactive?
They have one valence (outer) electron that is readily given to other elements when given the chance to bond.
What are the names of these two reactions?
1) A + B --> AB
2) A + BX --> B + AX
1) A + B --> AB Synthesis
2) A + BX --> B + AX Single Displacement
1) What happens when a liquid turns into a solid?
2) What happens when a solid turns into a gas?
3) What happens when a liquid turns into a gas?
1) Freezing
2) Sublimation
3) Evaporation
Explain the phrase "like dissolves like" with an example...
Polar Substances (like water) will dissolve other polar substances.
Nonpolar substances will dissolve nonpolar substances.
Water = Polar, Oil = Nonpolar; Water cannot dissolve oil.
Atomic Number
Why are Noble Gases unreactive?
What are the names of these two reactions?
1) AB --> A + B
2) AY + BX --> AX + BY
1) AB --> A + B = DECOMPOSITION
2) AY + BX --> AX + BY = DOUBLE DISPLACEMENT
1) What happens when gas turns directly into a solid?
2) What happens when a gas turns into a liquid?
3) What happens when a solid turns into a liquid?
1) Deposition
2) Condensation
3) Melting
What are the characteristics of acids and bases?
Acids: sour, release hydrogen ions (H+), and sting
Bases: Bitter and slippery or soapy to the touch (like soap)