Hey Yaws! Spirochete infections
This tropical treponemal infection initially presents with papillomatous skin lesions and, if left untreated, can progress to destructive bone changes, including saber shins, gangosa (nasal cartilage destruction) and goundou (hypertrophic periostitis)
What is yaws?
First isolated in Kenya in 1931, this mosquito-borne phlebovirus causes livestock abortions and can lead to hepatitis, encephalitis, or blindness in humans
What is Rift Valley Fever?
Toxin-mediated myocarditis is the leading cause of death from this vaccine-preventable bacterial disease
What is diphtheria?
This zoonitic coag positive staph spp. causes skin and soft tissue infections in both humans and dogs
What is staph pseudointermedius?
Several transplant recipients were infected in 2005 by this virus which was carried by a pet hamster owned by the donor
What is LCMV?
Caused by one of the endemic treponematoses, this spirochetal infection produces skin lesions that persist if untreated, and its late sequelae may resemble vitiligo
What is pinta?
This disease is characterized by fever, HA, myalgias, and regional LAD and is often distinguished by the presence of multiple tache noire lesions
What is African tick bite fever?
This eponym, first described in the 19th century, refers to acute carditis occurring as a complication of rheumatic fever
What is Bouillaud syndrome?
In dogs, this mosquito-borne parasite inhabits the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries but in humans it may present as pulmonary coin lesions or subQ nodules (genus name)
What is Dirofilaria immitis?
This free-living parasite caused 2 clusters of organ transplant related infections in 2009 and 2010, leading to severe granulomatous encephalitis
What is Balamuthia mandrillaris?
This louse-borne spirochete casuses relapsing fever, is effectively treated with a single dose of doxyxycline and typically produces only one relapse; unlike its tick-borne counterparts which can casue 10 or more relapses
What is Borrelia recurrentis?
Now 1st line for adults with T brucei rhodiense infection, this drug replaced melarsoprol
What is fexinidazole?
This louse-borne cause of cardiovascular infection produces fevers that are either daily or recur in a 4-5 day cycle from which it takes its name
What is Bartonella quintana?
A 2018 outbreak of MDR infections across 6 US states was traced to puppies carrying this Gram-negative curved bacillus, a leading cause of bloody diarrhea worldwide
What is Campylobacter jejuni?
In 2001, the 1st recognized US donor-derived infection caused by this protozoan parasite killed 2 SOT recipients
What is T. cruzi?
This eponymous sign was originally described in the setting of congenital syphilis and refers to a shortened 5th finger
What is Du Bois sign?
An estimated 90% of global infections with this enveloped icosahedral positive sense ssRNA virus which is preventable by a live vaccine, occur in Africa
What is yellow fever?
Colonizing the oropharynx in 70% of people, this fastidious Gram-negative rod puts the "C" in HACEK as an uncommon cause of endocarditis (genus and species)
What is Cardiobacterium hominis?
This fastidious indole-negative Gram negative rod, part of the normal canine oral flora may cause overwhelming sepsis in asplenic or alcoholic patients after a seemingly monior dog bite or lick
What is Captnocytophaga canimorsus?
Between 2009 and 2013 the CDC investigated 7 clusters of donor derived infections from this parasite, causing respiratory failure and disseminated disease, often traced to donors from Latin America
What is Strongyloides stercoralis?
This condition caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli is particularly relevant in patients living with HIV
What is intestinal spirochetosis?
Spores of this dealy bacterium stimulate grass seed germination, aiding in its spread to grazing herbivores like zebras
What is B. anthracis?
This parasitic cause of myocarditis can be prevented after heart transplant with TMP-SMX prophylaxis
What is Toxoplasma gondii?
Children exposed to puppies may develop visceral or ocular disease when infected with this dog roundworm
What is Toxocara canis?
In 2004, 4 transplant recipients died after receiving organs from a donor with dysphagia, encephalitis and SAH- initially misattributed to cocaine use- due to this fatal zoonotics infection