ENT
Individual cases of these 3 ENT diseases are required to be reported to the local health department.
What are Pertussis [24 hrs], Mumps [24 hr], TB [7 days]?
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
If Pertussis & Mumps are droplet precautions TB is what ?
To prevent this GI illness clients should be educated on proper cooking/handling of meats and raw eggs. It is also recommended that reptiles not be permitted in day cares.
What is bacterial gastroenteritis?
**All GI = hand hygiene!!!
**Proper cooking/disinfecting
**Cluster: 4 or more with acute V/D [3 or more loose stools/24] or more than 10% of census
These are four causes/types of meningitis.
What is Haemophilus influenzae Type B [Hib bacteria]; Neisseria meningitidis [meningococcal]; streptococcus pneumoniae [pneumococcal]; Viral [usually enterovirus]
Individual cases of these skin illnesses (name at least two) require reporting to the local health department within 24 hours.
What are chicken pox (varicella); Measles (Rubella & Rubeola)?
Exposure/bite/scratch to this requires immediate reporting to local health department, as well as a series of vaccinations to prevent fatality. These clients will be immediately referred to their PCP or ED.
What are bat exposures or animal bites?
*Reported 24 hr
*Educate to avoid domestic/wild animals
A client was evaluated at a walk up clinic for evaluation of a new pregnancy. The client reports a history of chronic hepatitis B. Is the nurse legally obligated to report this infectious disease?
YES! Any old or new prenatal infectious conditions are required to be reported within one working day of a known pregnancy. Include ZIKA, chronic hepatitis B, HIV, syphilis
These are effective prevention and control measures that nurses should educate their clients on to prevent transmission of communicable diseases. (Name at least 3)
What is good handwashing, hygiene practices, proper disposal of soiled tissues, avoid sharing linens, proper disinfection of surfaces and toys, good respiratory hygiene & cough etiquette?
This is the amount of time a client should be educated to not return to school after experiencing diarrhea, possibly due E. coli, Salmonelliosis, or even C.diff.
What is at least 24 hours without diarrhea?
This type of isolation is required for meningitis.
What is droplet precautions?
A client experiencing this skin illness appears with a rash on their cheeks that may come and go and usually a mild fever. This illness is not reportable.
What is Fifth Disease (Human Parvovirus)?
*slapped cheek rash
*mild fever, runny nose, HA
If an animal bite occurs at school a school nurse knows to immediately perform these interventions to control transmission.
What is flushing wound with lots of water, cleaning with soap and water, and rinsing wound well?
*confine animal or document size, appearance, distinguishing characteristics; info of owner
These STI are nationally notifiable (name 3/7) and require a community nurse to report to LHD who may notify the SHD, who will notify CDC.
What is chlamydial, gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid (bacterial/necrotizing genital ulcers), hepatitis B, herpes, and HIV (including perinatal).
Clusters of these ENT diseases (at least 3) should be reported to the health department.
What is Strep throat/scarlet fever; RSV; bronchitis; croup?
A cook suffered from norovirus. While their diarrhea ceased over the last 24 hours, this is why he could not attend work.
What is exclusion from food handling for 48 hours after recovery.
*When cleaning vomit/stool= wear mask b/c aerosolization of the virus can occur
** Clean with EPA label for norovirus use or bleach
Viral meningitis requires what education interventions for prevention and control measures.
What is educating on basic hygiene/hand hygiene, cough etiquette, and proper disposal of used kleenex/tissues?
This communicable skin disease has pruritic blister like lesions that start on the head and spread to the body with various stages of healing. This skin disorder is preventable with vaccination and a client would be placed on airborne precautions.
What is chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus).
*chicken pox's rash has various stages of healing, starts on the head and spreads to the body but mainly centralized
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!
What skin disease/rash is often confused with chickenpox, however does NOT have various stages of healing and has been eradicated with vaccination?
This method can be used to reduce the number of airborne germs inside, and is being recommended at schools that are remaining open during this COVID pandemic. It is noninvasive and cheap!
What is opening the window?
A nurse is discussing modes of transmission at a health fair. Name two communicable diseases that are transmitted via airborne?
Airborne: TB, measles, COVID, cold, influenza, chickenpox, mumps pertussis (whooping cough)
Waterborne: cholera, salmonellosis, giardia, dysentary, E. Coli, Hep A
Vectorborne: west nile virus, lyme disease, Dengue, Malaria
Routine testing for children is not recommended for this airborne ENT disease, however even suspected cases should be reported to the local health department within 7 days and if suspected a Nucleic acid amplification test on the sputum would be completed.
What is TB?
NAAT (nucleic acid amplification test) is used to detect small amounts of DNA of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a sputum/respiratory sample. Results available within 24-48 hours.---early treatment/improved outcomes.
But does not replace the need for a AFB smear/culture which is still gold standard
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
How long does a typical course of treatment last for TB?
This GI illness requires soap and water when handwashing. Hand sanitizer is not recommended. This client will be on contact precautions and spores can spread even when asymptomatic.
What is C-Diff?
These two bacterial meningitis diseases require mandatory reporting within 24 hours.
What is Hib bacteria and Neisseria meningitis?
**Strep <5 y/o
**Viral= only clusters
Clients with this illness are on droplet precautions, and suffer from swollen glands; joint pain, rash starting on the face and can be transmitted to fetus across the placenta.
What is German Measles (Rubella)?
vs. Rubeola: AIRBORNE, URI S/S including conjunctivitis, fever, rash star at head, + Koplik spots [no swollen glands, no joint issues]
*both are reported to LHD w/in 24 hours
This is nationally notifiable infectious disease that can cause long term damage, such as nervous system complications or depression and is typically due to a tick bite.
What is Lyme disease?
When trying to control a disease, what is the first step?
Identify what the pathogen looks like!
Annual vaccination is recommended for this ENT disease for everyone six months and older, those infected should be placed on droplet precaution and this disease is expected to peak in the first 3 days but can typically last for 7 days.
What is the influenza?
**Influenza A is reportable to LHD
**Influenza is reported if death occurs <18 y/o
This GI illness can cause jaundice and clients should be educated to avoid school/daycare for 7 days after onset of jaundice.
What is Hepatitis A?
*Reported w/in 24 hr to LHD
*Immunization @ 12 months
This meningitis has a vaccination for prevention and control measures and is recommended for children under five years of age, as well as for those at risk?
What is Hib (haemophilus influenzae)?
* Exposures may receive prophylactic ABX
These skin illnesses (name at least three) typically only require contact precautions.
What are head lice; herpes simplex; impetigo; MRSA; molluscum contagiosum; ringworm; scabies; and shingles- LOCALIZED
(IF SHINGLES IS DISSEMINATED THE CLIENT WOULD GO ON ARIBORNE CONTACT PRECAUTIONS)
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!
Why does the shingles rash (painful/burning/clear fluid vesicles) follow a linear distribution? RAISE YOUR HAND!
These are (3)resources that school nurses can direct parents to when they are concerned about immunization schedule or safety.
What is the CDC, Immunization Action Coalition, or Immunize.org?
These are prevention strategies for STI. (Name two)
EDUCATE
Polyurethane condoms (natural membranes)=don't protect against HIV
Don't use condoms more than once
Don't use oil-based lubricants (damage condoms)
Female condoms can help prevention some STI