Show:
seismic waves
earthquake scales
ESRT P. 11
volcanos
ESRT P. 5
100
List three characteristics of primary (P) waves
What is relative speed: first waves to arrive, fastest describe movement: compress and expand the ground like an accordion can move through: both solids and liquids
100
Which scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings?
What is Mercalli Scale
100
A P-wave takes 4 minutes to travel from the epicenter of an earthquake to a seismic station. Approximately how many minutes will it take an S-wave to travel that same distance?
What is 7:20 seconds 7:20 s-wave arrives = 2,000 km 4:00 p-wave arrives = 2,000 km
100
Name the three boundary's volcanoes can form on.
What are convergent divergent transform boundaries
100
Identify the tectonic feature responsible for the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.
What is a Hotspot
200
List three characteristics of secondary (S) waves:
What is relative speed: after P waves, but before Surface waves describe movement: vibrate from side to side as well as up and down can move through: only solids (cannot move through liquids)
200
Which scale accurately rates the size of seismic waves only for small, nearby earthquakes?
What is Richter Scale
200
What is the approximate time difference between the first P-wave and the first S-wave recorded at a seismic station located 2000 km from an earthquake’s epicenter?
What is 3:20 seconds 7:20 s-wave arrived -4:00 p-wave arrived
200
Where do volcanoes form if not at a plate boundary?
What is a Hotspot
200
Where are Hot spots usually formed?
What is Location: hot spots often lie in the middle of continental or oceanic plates far from any plate boundaries
300
List three characteristics of surface waves:
What is relative speed: move more slowly, last waves to arrive produce: the most severe ground movements formed when: P waves and S waves reach the surface
300
What is an earthquakes intensity?
What is Intensity: the strength of ground motion in a given place
300
The arrival time of the first earthquake P-wave at a seismograph station was 10:00:00 (hours:minutes:seconds). If the epicenter of the earthquake is 4,000 km away, what was the approximate arrival time of the first S-wave from this earthquake?
What is 10:05:40 10:00:00 p-wave arrived + 5:40 s-wave arrived
300
What is the major volcanic belt formed by the many volcanoes that rim the Pacific Ocean?
What is the Ring of Fire
300
Give the definition of a hot spot, how do they form?
What is Definition: an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch
400
Explain the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake.
What is Focus: the point beneath Earth’s surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake Epicenter: the point on the surface directly above the focus
400
Which scale rates earthquakes using intensity?
What is Scale: Mercalli Scale
400
At station A, the first P-wave arrives 7 minutes 0 seconds after the earthquake. How long after the first P-wave arrives will the first S-wave arrive?
What is 5:40 seconds later 12:40 s-wave arrival - 7:00 p-wave arrival
400
Explain the difference between magma and lava.
What is magma: a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle lava: when magma reaches the surface, cools to form solid rock
400
Why do we not experience volcanoes in Baldwinsville?
What is we aren't on a plate boundary or a hot spot.
500
What is an earthquake’s magnitude?
What is a measurement of earthquake strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults
500
Fill in the blanks: Seismic waves race ___ in all directions, like ________________ in a _____________.
What are Seismic waves race _out from the focus__ in all directions, like ____ripples____________ in a ___pond__________.
500
The epicenter of an earthquake is located 3,000 kilometers away from a seismic station. If the first S-wave arrived at this seismic station at 3:00 p.m. at what time did the first P-wave arrive?
What is 2:55:40 3:00:00 s-wave arrival time - 4:20 subtract when the p-wave arrived
500
What type of boundary creates the volcanoes found at the mid-ocean ridge?
What is diverging plate boundary
500
How many Hawaiian Islands are there? (you don't need to know this for the test)
What is 8