Words and Phrases
1. feature
2. positive
3. at birth
4. intelligent
1. n.特征；专题节目 v.以...为特点
2. adj.积极乐观的，好的
3. 出生时
4. adj.聪明的，智能的
1.
1. You will hear a sociology lecture about the perspectives of time.
你将听到一个关于不同时间观点的社会学讲座。
positive Remember good times, e.g.
birthdays; keep family records,
Past photos, albums, etc
31_____ Focus on disappointments,
failures, bad decisions.
31. negative
The kinds of people living in a past negative time zone are also absorbed by earlier times, but they concentrate on all the negative sides of a life picture such as 1________, failures or 2_______ ______. They spend plenty of time imaging what life could have been.
1.regrets
2.poor decisions
1. Their life motto should be having a good time and avoiding painful experiences.
1. 他们的人生座右铭应该是享受美好时光，避免痛苦的经历。
1. outlook
2. religious beliefs
3. drop out of school
4. present-oriented children
1. n.观点，看法；前景；（远望的）景色
2. 宗教信仰
3. 辍学，退学
4. 关注现在的孩子们
2.
2. Today, I would like to share something with you about time. Particularly, I’ll be looking at the way we think about time, and how these perspectives of time structure our life.
今天，我想和你们分享一些关于时间的观点。具体来说，我将关注我们思考时间的方式以及这些时间观点是如何塑造我们生活的。
Hedonistic Live for 32_________; seek sensation; avoid pain.
Present
Fatalistic Life is governed by 33_______,
religious beliefs, social conditions.
Life’s path can’t be changed.
32. pleasure
33. poverty
Well, let's start at the beginning. When we were born, no 1________, everyone was a present hedonist. All the 2________ needs and demands like being 3_______, secure, fed and 4________ were all from that time.
1. exceptions
2. initial
3. warm
4. watered
2.People who are sorted into future active group are those who do plans and go for their plans.They don't play but work, and resist temptation.
2.被归类为未来积极性人格的人是那些有计划而且为计划努力的人。他们不玩，只工作，抵制诱惑。
1. sociology
2. become more virtuous
3. seek sensation
1. n. 社会学
2. 变得更有道德，更正直
3. 寻求（某种）感觉
3.
3.Social psychologists have pointed out that there are six ways of thinking about time, which they regard as personal time zones.
社会心理学家已经指出认识时间的方式有6种，被称之为个人化时区。时区的前2种是关于过去的。
34______ Prefer work to play. Don’t
Future give it to temptation.
Fatalistic Have a strong belief in life after
death and the importance of
35___________ in life.
34. active
35. achievements
But the evidence doesn't support this. A recent 1_________ indicates that when American boys reach the age of 21, they have spent roughly 10,000 hours on video games and also suggests that they'll never fit in the traditional classroom, because there is a stronger need for those boys to have a certain 2_________ in which they are capable of managing their own 3________ __________.
1. survey
2. circumstance
3. learning environment
3.However, when they’re asked what if there were 8 days in a week, they say ‘Oh, that’ll be fabulous’. They would spend that time working to achieve more. They’re persistently trying to get to the future point of happiness.
3.然而，当他们被问到如果一周有8天，他们会说“哦，那太好了”。他们会把这些时间花在实现更多目标上。他们一直在为达到未来的幸福目标而努力。
1. time perspectives
2. ambitious people
3. don't give it to temptation
4. fancy remembering moments of happiness
1. 关于时间的各种观点
2. 野心勃勃的人，有雄心的人
3. 不受诱惑的影响
4. 喜欢记忆幸福的时刻
4.
4. Past positive thinkers usually spend a major part of their time looking back to the past, which means they are in a state of nostalgia, where they fancy remembering moments of happiness such as birthdays, marriages and important time of success in their lives.
积极的怀旧型人格通常把大部分时间都花在回顾过去上，这意味着他们处在怀旧的状态中，总喜欢回忆过往的幸福时刻，例如生日，婚礼和生命中重要的成功时刻。
36 We are all present hedonists
A at school
B at birth
C while eating and drinking
37 American boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls because
A they need to be in control of the way they learn
B they play video games instead of doing school work
C they are not as intelligent as girls
36. B
37. A
They are in the 1______ right now. Logic won't be helping and it's no use 2__________ them of potential fall-out from their decisions or 3_______ ________ _________. We have to get in their minds just as they're about to make 4______ _________.
1.present
2.reminding
3.previous judgement errors
4.a choice
4.But as for present-oriented kids, it doesn't make sense. Though they do know the potentially detrimental consequences of their actions, they insist on how they behave because they're not living for the future.
4.但是对于只关注现在的孩子来说，这是没有意义的。虽然他们知道自己的行为会导致潜在有害后果，但他们坚持自己的行为，因为他们不会为未来而活。
1. poverty
2. potentially detrimental consequences of their actions
3. insist on
4. sacrifice personal time
5. promote cooperation
1. n. 贫穷；缺少
2. 他们的行为可能导致的不好后果
3. 坚持
4. 牺牲私人时间
5. 促进合作
5.
5.But formal education changes the way we think. Each one of us is taught not to focus only on the moment and start to make estimates about the future. But you might be surprised, every nine seconds a child drops out of school in the US. Most interestingly, there're much more boys dropping out than girls doing so.
但是正统教育改变我们的思考方式。我们每个人都被教导不仅要关注当下，更要开始计划未来。但是你可能感到惊讶的是在美国每9秒钟就有一个学生辍学。更奇怪的是辍学的学生男孩比女孩多。
38 Present-oriented children
A do not realise present actions can have negative future effects
B are unable to learn lessons from past mistakes
C know what could happen if they do something bad, but do it anyway
39 If American had an extra day per-week, they would spend it
A working harder
B building relationships
C sharing family meals
40 Understanding how people think about time can help us
A become more virtuous
B work together better
C identify careless or ambitious people
38. C
39. A
40. B
So, it's of vital importance that we know how other people think about time. We tend to think: 'Oh, that person is really 1__________,’ or ‘That guy is 2______ ________,’ but often what we care about is not the fundamental personality differences, but only various 3__________ of thinking about time. Rather than distinctions of characteristics, seeing these 4__________ as differences in time perspectives can promote more effective cooperation between people and the most out of each person's 5_______ _______.
1.irresponsible
2.power hungry
3.approaches
4.conflicts
5.individual strengths
5.This group of people holds a belief that there will be a certainty of life after death and a certain kind of judgement day when they will be assessed on how virtuously they have led their a life and what achievements they have made in their lives.
5.这群人相信死后肯定还有来世，也会有一个审判的日子，在这个日子里，他们将被评估他们的人生有多高尚和他们在活着的时候取得了什么成就。