Neuro
What artery supplies the LEG and pelvis?
Anterior cerebral artery
This hip extensor contracts concentrically in early stance to prevent trunk collapse and extend the hip after heel strike?
gluteus maximus
Which hip ligaments resists adduction and hyperextension?
Ischiofemoral ligament and superior band of iliofemoral ligament
Which muscle flexes the MTP joints, extends the PIP and DIP, and abducts away from the midline of the foot?
Dorsal Interossei
dorsalis pedis artery originates from what artery?
Anterior Tibial Artery
• a pulse located on the top of the foot, near the ankle
DOUBLE POINTS IF YOU GET ALL!
What is the function of each?
1. Cerebellum
2. Basal ganglia
3. DCML pathway (Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus)
1. Coordination / Timing / Force production / Error detection/correction
2. initiates and regulates movement- direct pathway -substantia nigra compacta- dopamine = movement
3. Sensory - vibration, proprioception, two-point discrimination, light touch
What are the directions of roll and glide for the femoral head on the acetabulum arthrokinematics: External rotation?
Anterior glide, posterior roll
(convex on concave)
What muscle does the superior gluteal nerve innervate, and during the stance phase of gait is going to prevent the opposite side from dropping (Trendelenburg sign)?
Gluteus medius
The transverse tarsal joint is made of which two joints?
talonavicular joint and calcanocuboid joint
In between big toe and second toe the web space is innervated by what nerve?
Deep fibular nerve
Dermatomal sensation for lateral shin/tibia area and first 3 digits (toes) ?
Dermatome of L5:
1. What are the arthrokinematics OPEN CHAIN of knee extension?
2. Arthrokinematics CLOSED CHAIN of knee extension
1. tibia rolls and slides anterior
- concave on convex (same direction)
2. femur rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly
- convex on concave (opposite)
Which sensation of the medial knee joint line, sensory processing from dermatomes?
L3 is the dermatome for medial knee joint line sensation
Which ligaments are part of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch?
- Long plantar ligament
▪ Short plantar ligament (plantar calcaneocuboid)
What muscle is located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg and performs supination of the subtalar joint and inversion of the foot?
Tibialis posterior
INV of foot
PF ankle
Supination of subtalar jt
Which pathway does locomotion and stepping patterns?
Reticulospinal tracts
From heel strike to foot flat, this calcaneal motion occurs as the subtalar joint moves from neutral to full pronation.
Eversion (valgus)
Which muscles are located in the posterior compartment and perform leg flexion and rotate the knee laterally when flexed?
Biceps femoris
During gait, this region moves opposite the hindfoot, with rays 1–2 plantarflexing and rays 4–5 dorsiflexing during pronation
forefoot (pronation twist)
Triplanar motion includes which motions for pronation?
• Dorsiflexion- major movement
• external rotation
• eversion
The brain stem has special circuitry connected to the LE pathway for walking- not present in the upper extremity. What is it?
reticulospinal tract and vestibulospinal tracts
These tarsometatarsal joints have decreased mobility, providing stability during push-off.
the 2nd and 3rd TMT joints - (forefoot)
Normal frontal plane alignment of the knee includes approximately how much genu valgum?
What plane would you assess the varum/ genu valgum?
10-15 of genu valgus & FRONTAL plane
- A slight valgus is normal
Anything >20 degrees is abnormal
What subtalar joint position creates a flexible foot that allows adaptation to uneven surfaces during early stance by combining eversion, abduction, and slight dorsiflexion?
subtalar joint pronation (open-packed position)
1. The transverse tarsal or midtarsal joint is located in the
2. What components does this area contain?
1. mid foot
2. navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiform bones and the transverse tarsal or midtarsal joint