CELLS & MICROORGANISMS
This type of cell does NOT have a nucleus.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
Answer: What is diffusion?
This nutrient is used mainly for energy.
Answer: What are carbohydrates?
Plants use this gas during photosynthesis.
Answer: What is carbon dioxide?
This organ pumps blood around the body.
Answer: What is the heart?
This organelle controls the activities of the cell.
Answer: What is the nucleus?
Movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane.
Answer: What is osmosis?
This food test uses iodine solution.
Answer: What is the starch test?
This green pigment absorbs light energy.
Answer: What is chlorophyll?
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Answer: What are alveoli?
These cell structures are found in plant cells but NOT animal cells.
Answer: What are the cell wall and chloroplasts?
This transport process requires energy from the cell.
Answer: What is active transport?
Proteins are made from these smaller units.
Answer: What are amino acids?
This plant tissue transports water and mineral ions.
Answer: What is xylem?
This blood vessel carries blood away from the heart.
Answer: What are arteries?
This type of organism can cause disease and includes bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Answer: What are pathogens?
This ratio is important because it affects how quickly substances move in and out of cells.
Answer: What is the surface area to volume ratio?
Enzymes are described as these because they speed up reactions without being used up.
Answer: What are biological catalysts?
Name TWO factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Answer: What are light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration? (Any two)
This hormone helps regulate blood glucose levels.
Answer: What is insulin?
This process allows unspecialized cells to become specialized for a specific function.
Answer: What is cell differentiation?
Explain why cells with a larger surface area to volume ratio exchange materials more efficiently.
Answer: Because they have more surface area available for diffusion compared to their volume, allowing substances to enter and leave faster.
Explain why high temperatures can stop an enzyme from working.
Answer: High temperatures denature the enzyme, changing the shape of the active site so the substrate no longer fits.
Explain why leaves are adapted for photosynthesis.
Answer: Leaves are broad for maximum light absorption, thin for short diffusion distance, and contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll.
Explain how the structure of alveoli makes gas exchange efficient.
Answer: Alveoli have a large surface area, thin walls, and a rich blood supply, allowing rapid diffusion of gases.