Food Chains and Webs
Nutrient Cycles


Habitat Destruction
Pollution
Conservation
100

The principal energy source for all living things on Earth is....

The Sun

100

Which bacteria are responsible for denitrification?

Denitrifying bacteria

100

Habitat destruction can decrease the number of species in a habitat.  This means that there will be lower .....

Biodiversity

100

What are the main greenhouse gases?

Carbon Dioxide and Methane

100

Name 2 sustainable resources

hydro power, solar power and wind power, etc.

200

Match one species to each trophic level using the following diagram:

Example:

Mahogany Tree = producers

Wasp = primary consumers

Warbler = secondary consumers

Hawk Owl = tertiary consumers

200

Name 2 organic and 2 inorganic molecules that contain nitrogen

Organic:

Proteins, amino acids, ATP, DNA, Nucleotides, Urea

Inorganic: 

Nitrite, Nitrate, Nitrogen gas, Ammonium

200

Name the type of habitat destruction seen in this video:

Coastal erosion

200

What is the main type of pollution to terrestrial environments?

plastic pollution

200

List 4 reasons a species may become endangered or extinct

climate change, habitat destruction, hunting, overharvesting, pollution and introduced species

300

Label the phases of bacterial population growth seen in the following graph:


P = lag phase

Q = exponential phase

R = plateau phase

S = death phase

300

Name the missing part of the carbon cycle seen in this diagram:

Fossilization

300

What are 2 methods to stop deforestation?

establish protected areas like national forests

manage the number of trees that can be cut down with quotas

education of the public about risks of deforestation

replant trees

300

Due to the process of eutrophication, lakes can become a Deadzone.  What is the reason that fish will die in this zone?

Lack of oxygen to breathe

300

What are two methods to increase rates of reproduction in captive breeding programs?

In vitro fertilization (IVF) and Artificial Insemination (AI)

400

Give 4 methods for drawing a pyramid of biomass

Use a pencil and ruler!

The bars should be equally spaced around the midpoint. You may find it helpful to draw a line
down the center of your graph paper before you start to draw the pyramid.

Label the x-axis with ‘Biomass’ and the units of the data you are using.

Use a suitable scale

Starting from the bottom draw areas for each trophic level, producers to tertiary consumers

400

Name missing parts of the nitrogen cycle in this diagram. Include correct directional arrows:


Pointing up: denitrification

Pointing down: nitrogen fixation

400

Name 4 negative effects of deforestation

Climate change

desertification

flooding

soil erosion

increase in CO2 levels

extinction

400

Besides factory emissions, name 3 other reasons for the exponential increase in atmospheric CO2 levels since start of the 1950s

Factory farming/agriculture

Increase in use of gas powered vehicles for transportation

home heating/air conditioning etc.

400

Design a plan to improve fish stocks

●Education programs in schools and coastal cities

●Closed seasons in which fishermen cannot fish (mating season would be a good time)

●Protected waters where no fishing can be done

●Controlled net types and mesh sizes that only catch mature fish not young ones

etc.

500

Explain in detail how an introduced species can affect the normal food web

Firstly, invasive species often outcompete native species for resources such as food and habitat. They may be more efficient at finding and using these resources, or they may have no natural predators in the new environment to keep their numbers in check. This can lead to a decrease in the population of native species, which in turn affects the organisms that rely on them for food. For example, if an invasive plant species outcompetes a native plant species that a certain type of herbivore relies on for food, the herbivore population may also decline. This can then affect the predators that rely on that herbivore for food, and so on up the food chain.

Secondly, invasive species can alter habitats in ways that make them less suitable for native species. For instance, some invasive plant species can change soil chemistry, making it difficult for native plants to survive. This not only affects the plants themselves, but also the herbivores that rely on them for food and the predators that rely on those herbivores.

Finally, some invasive species are predators that directly reduce the population of native species by eating them. This can lead to a rapid decline in the population of the native species, disrupting the balance of the food chain.

500

List the forms of carbon found in carbon cycle and indicate where they can be found.

CO2 in air, as a reactant in photosynthesis by plants and as an excretory product of living things during respiration

C6H12O6 (glucose) first consumed by consumers and then found in all living things as starch, cellulose and glycogen, or glucose

Carbon in detritus to be broken down by decomposers

CH4 (methane) used in fossil fuels, coal, oil to perform combustion in vehicles, factories, etc.


OCEAN CARBON CYCLE NOT ON EXAM


500

Describe the life changing effects if all polar ice caps have melted

rising sea levels, destabilized global food systems, habitat loss for polar wildlife, and increased rate of global warming etc.

500

List steps of eutrophication in correct order

1. Rapid increase in nutrients (fertilizer or untreated sewage) flow into lake

2. Algal bloom occurs

3. Algal bloom blocks sunlight from reaching plants in lake

4. Death of plants and decomposition by bacteria

5. Bacteria use up all oxygen for respiration

6. Lake is anoxic, leading to death of fish due to lack of oxygen

7. DEADZONE

500

Check out the image of a bird that became extinct in the year 1681


Decide on 3 reasons that this bird is now extinct

Over hunting by settlers

Over competition from introduced species

habit destruction due to cutting down of trees