Hardware & Software
This is the physical part of a computer system
Hardware
A network that covers a small geographical area like a school.
LAN
The stage where the current system is examined and problems are identified.
analysis
Software designed to detect and remove malicious programs.
antivirus software
ICT used in banks that allows customers to withdraw cash anytime.
ATM system
Software used to control hardware and manage system resources
Operating System
The global system of interconnected networks.
Internet
The stage where solutions are planned, including inputs, outputs, and processes.
design
A method of protecting data by converting it into unreadable code.
encryption
A system used in supermarkets to record sales and update stock automatically.
POS (Point of Sale) system
This type of memory is temporary and loses data when power is off.
RAM
A unique numerical label assigned to every device connected to a computer network . It enables devices to be identified and located for data exchange.
IP address
A company introduces a new system, but users struggle to use it effectively. Identify the missing stage and explain its importance.
documentation:
A type of malware that secretly records keystrokes.
keylogging
Give two advantages of using ICT in banking.
A device used to convert digital signals to analog for transmission.
Modem
A protocol used to transfer web pages.
HTTP
A school decides to replace its manual attendance system with a computerized one. Name one method used in the analysis stage to collect information.
questionnaire / interview / observation
A user receives an email asking for their bank details and clicks a link to enter them. Identify the threat.
phishing
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using ICT in retail (shops).
Explain why SSDs are preferred over HDDs in modern systems.
Faster speed, no moving parts, more reliable, lower power consumption.
A school experiences slow internet during peak hours. Suggest one cause and one solution.
Cause: High traffic/bandwidth overload. Solution: Upgrade bandwidth or manage usage.
A company switches to a new system all at once, but it fails and causes major disruption. What implementation method was used, and suggest a better alternative.
direct changeover
Better alternative: parallel running or phased implementation (to reduce risk).
Explain why regular software updates are important for security.
A hospital replaces paper records with a fully digital system. Explain two benefits and one risk of this change.