IGCSE PE

Injuries

100

Name one type of injury covered in IGCSE PE

Winding

Muscle Strain or Sprain

Blister

200

How is winding caused

a blow to the abdomen from a collision with other performers or being hit

300

What is the treatment for winding

loosen clothing, sit in crouched position, take deep slow breaths

400

describe one cause of a muscle injury during a physical activity

overstretching, explosive movements, fatigue, oversuse, poor technique, poor use of equipment, heavy impact

500

What does RICE stand for

Rest

Ice

Compression

Elevation

Injuries

100

Explain why elevation is used in RICE

slow reduce swelling

slow reduce blood flow to area

reduce pain

allow fluid to move away from injured area

200

What does C stand for in RICE

compression

300

Cuts is a minor injury, describe how to treat that

clean and cover ,apply a plaster

400

bruises are a typical injury, describe how to treat

apply ice

500

blisters are a typical injury, describe how to treat

clean, rest, protect

PEDS and Risk

100

stimulants are a PED , describe the effect on performance using an sport example

increase alertness in 100 meter sprint

200

Is caffeine a performance enhancing drug?

yes

300

describe how blood doping is carried out

blood removed from body

body makes more blood

blood is stored

blood is reintroduced

or syntenthetic substance (EPO) is introduced

400

Suggest why a rugby player would use anabolic steriods

increase muscle mass, 

let atheltes train longer, increase power, increase strength

500

Why would a golfer use beta blockers

reduce anxiety

prevent adrenaline

PEDs and Risk

100

Name all the PEDS categories that  you need to know for IGCSE

Beta Blockers - reduce anxiety, prevent adrenaline, keep heart rate low

Anabolic Steroids - increase muscle mass, allow harder training, speed up recovery time

Diuretics - increase water passed, reduces weight quickly, mask other PED's

Stimulants - affect the CNS, reduce pain and increase alertness

200

Why is blood doping banned by WADA?

It is the misuse of a technique and/or substance to increase a performers red blood cell count

300

List the two levels of risk.

Real risk

Perceived risk

400

describe the difference between real risk and percieved risk

real risk - risk that actually exists

perceived risk - ones perception of risk

500

identify a perceived risk in sailing

many examples

Extras

100

Explain the acronym RICE.

Rest - stop the activity and prevent further injury

Ice - apply an ice pack to minimise pain and swelling

Compression - wrap the area with compression to decrease swelling

Elevation - keep the injury above heart level to reduce swelling

200

Name four types of predominantly soft-tissue injuries.

Muscular injury

Tendon Injury

Ligament Injury

Dislocation

Knowledge of performance - analysing the quality of your movement or technique (felt good or 'clean')

300

name the bone in the upper arm

humerus

400

name a hinge joint

elbow 

knee

500

name the largest muscle in the back

latisimus dorsi