Show:
Soils + Biogeography
Population + Settlement + Urban.
Farming and food supply
Manufacturing industries + Random
Random
100
What is regolith?
The accumulation of a layer of loose, broken, unconsolidated parent material from either in situ weathering of bedrock or from materials transported.
100
What is a Lorenz curve?
X-axis = Population (cumulative percentage) Y-axis = Area (cumulative percentage)
100
What is the critical temperature of cereal growing?
6 degrees
100
What is the formula of Alfred Weber's material index (MI)?
MI = Total weight of raw material / Total weight of finished product
100
What are zonal and azonal soils?
Zonal soils = Mature soils Azonal soils = More recent origin
200
What is a catena?
A catena is where soils are related to the topography of a hillside and is a sequence of soil types down a slope.
200
Describe the 5 stages of the demographic transition model.
1 = High birth rate + death rate 2 = Falling death rate 3 = Falling birth rate 4 = Low birth rate + death rate 5 = Lower birth rate than death rate
200
What is the minimum precipitation requirement for most crops? And what is the maximum height for the growing of British grasses?
250 mm pr. year 300 m
200
What are agglomeration economies?
Several firms choose the same area to their location in order to minimise costs
200
What is the most valuable site within the CBD called?
Peak land value intersection
300
What is hygroscopic water?
A thin film around soil particles to which it sticks due to the strenght of the surface tension. Capillary water forms a film around the hygroscopic water.
300
What is the 'Neolithic revolution'? And what is the difference of a 'site' and 'situation'?
Neolithic revolution = Turned the migratory hunter-collector into a sedentary farmer Site = Characteristics of the actual point of settlement Situation = Describes the relative placement of a settlement to it's surroundings
300
What is arable farming? And what is the negative consequence of it?
The growing of crops, usually on flatter land where soils are of a higher quality. Arable farming, especially when ploughing is done in the autumn, removes the protective vegetational cover, increasing surface runoff.
300
In what order is the world energy consumption by energy resource? Oil, hydro-electricity, natural gas, coal, nuclear energy
Oil, coal, natural gas, hydro-electricity, nuclear energy.
300
What is gentrification?
Old, substandard housing is bought, modernised and occupied by more wealthy families.
400
What is the traditional and the modern method of determining biomes?
The traditional = Links the type and global distribution of vegetation with that of the major world climatic types and zonal soils. The modern = Differentiates between relativ rates of producing organic matter (Known as Net Primary Production and is calculated in g/m2/yr)
400
What is the basic structure of Burgess's city model?
Five concentric zones: 1. Central business district 2. Transition/twilight zone 3. Low-class housing 4. Medium-class housing 5. High-class housing
400
Mention and explain Von Thünen's 'Locational rent' formula.
LR = Y(m - c - td) Y = Yield per unit of land (hectares) m = Market price pr. unit of commodity c = production cost per unit of land (ha) t = transport cost per unit of commodity d = distance from the market
400
The homolographic projection has the right representation of: Shape, area, distance?
Area
400
Why can irrigation be problematic?
If the surplus water isn't drained away, the soil can become increasingly saline and waterlogged. As the water table rises it brings, through capillary action, dissolved salts into the topsoil.
500
Explain in simple terms the processes of leaching, podsolisation, gleying, calcification and salinisation.
Leaching = The removal of soluble material in solution - Precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration and soil drainage is good. Podsolisation = Precipitation greatly exceeds evapotranspiration, the rain water becomes acidic and dissolves bases. Gleying = The water output is little and the pore spaces becomce de-oxygenised. The reddish coloured oxidised iron, is chemically reduced to a grey-blue colour. Calcification = Precipitation is almost equal to evapotranspiration - only a little of the calcium accumulated the leached. Salinisation = The evapotranspiration is greater than the precipitation and salts are drawn upwards by capillary action.
500
What are the basic structures of Hoyt, Mann and Ullman and Harris's city models?
Hoyt = Sectors Mann = Concentric circles + sectors Ullman and Harris = Multiple nuclei
500
Mention 6 reasons why the world saw an unprecedented rise in global food prices in 2008.
A change in diet in India and China (more money, more meat) More land and more cereal crops being used to produce biofuels Climate change causing more erratic rainfall patterns Growth in the world's population Reduction in subsidies to American and US farmers Encouragement of developing countries to grow cash crops instead of cereal crops
500
Explain the 'Location theory and the neoclassical approach' to industrial geography, 'Behaviouralism', 'Political economy' and 'Cultural economic interpretations'.
Location theory and the neoclassical approach = Quantitative revolution, deductive theories, Fordism. Behaviouralism = Cognitive information, personal choices, surveys. Political economy = From spatial patterns to social relations, David Harvey rejected the rational, economic man. Cultural economic interpretations = Cultural turn, more focus on neglected factors, gender, the meanings of production, industry, labor.
500
Mention three ways in which food supplies in developing countries may be improved. And what is the difference between resources and reserves? And finally what are the names of horizontal and vertical mines?
(1) Landreform, (2) Green revolution and (3) Appropriate technology Resources is the total amount of a mineral, while reserves are the economically recoverable. Horizontal = Adit mines Vertical = Shaft mines