Anemia and Thrombocytopenias
What is the most common differential for a problem with primary hemostatis?
Thrombocytopenia
What are the steps to treating immune mediated diseases?
Find etiology, treat with immunosuppression
What is the treatment for many tick-borne bacterial diseases in in small animals?
Doxycycline
What are the two classes of agents that cause Rickettsial diseases?
Rickettsiae and Anaplasmatacea spp
What factor best determines if a patient needs a transfusion?
If the patient is stable (i.e. TPR normal, BAR, vitals normal)
Name four clinical signs associated with prednisone use for treating immune mediated diseases
PU/PD, muscle wasting, polyphagia, potbelly appearance, pendulous abdomen, behavioral changes, tachycardia and hypertension, delayed wound healing, GI irritation, calcinosis cutis, alopecia, hepatomegaly, liver and kidney toxicity, increased infection risk
Name three clinical signs of Lyme disease
Shifting leg lameness, fever, joint swelling
Name an ocular manifestation of Lyme disease in horses
Lyme uveitis
How do we classify icteric patients to best determine the etiology?
Pre-hepatic, hepatic, post-hepatic (similar to renal - pre-renal, renal, post-renal)
Name 3 common clinical signs associated with immune mediated diseases in small animals
Fever, lethargy, neutrophilia
Name 2 vectors associated with transmission of Bartonella between cats
Arthropods (fleas, lice, sand flies, ticks)
How do horses acquire Potomac fever? What does it cause?
Ingestion of insects carrying Neorickettsia risticii while grazing near contaminated water sources
- causes severe inflammation of intestinal wall (colitis/enterocolitis) of the sm. intestine, cecum, and colitis.
- Also- endotoxemia (causes fever, leukopenia, and shock in severe cases)
A 6y/o MN DSH comes in after being hit by a car. TFAST reveals fluid in the pleural space. The attending veterinarian recommends a blood transfusion. Assuming the vet has access to any type of feline blood product they want, which would be best for this patient?
Bonus points - how might we be able to resolve this if no feline/canine blood has been banked?
Whole blood - easiest to access AND patient is bleeding into cavity space - will need all blood components (RBCs, plasma, thrombocytes, proteins, etc.)
Autotransfusion from the thorax (suction out -> filter -> transfuse)
Name two triggers for secondary immune mediated diseases
Infections, drug/toxin, inflammation, neoplasia
What is the causative agent of salmon poisoning disease?
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
What is the causative agent of Equine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Name three differentials for thrombocytopenia due to decreased production of platelets
Infectious diseases, immune-mediated, neoplasia, MDS (myelodysplastic syndrome), toxin (estrogen toxicity)
What is the name of a concurrent immune mediated thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia?
Evan's syndrome
Why is Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) named as such?
Destruction of thrombocytes -> thrombocytopenia -> petechiae and ecchymoses that give spotted appearance (primary hemostatic disease appearance)
What is the importance of equine prioplasmosis?
Potentially fatal, reportable disease in the US