acute and chronic conditions
Which situation best represents a chronic health condition?
A. Sudden infection treated with antibiotics
B. Long-term condition requiring ongoing management
C. Temporary injury with complete recovery
D. Short hospitalization with no follow-up care
B. Long-term condition requiring ongoing management
A hospital is being sued after a patient experienced a preventable medication error. Which member of the healthcare team will most directly manage the legal risk associated with this event?
A. Utilization management nurse
B. Clinical nurse specialist
C. Risk manager
D. Quality committee member
c. risk manager
A nurse notices a medication order with a Black Box Warning. Which action is most appropriate?
A. Ignore the warning because the provider prescribed the medication
B. Recognize the medication carries a high risk of serious adverse effects
C. Administer the medication only if the patient requests it
D. Assume the medication is safe at any dose
B. Recognize the medication carries a high risk of serious adverse effects
A patient’s hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are significantly decreased.
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate first?
A. Encourage increased physical activity
B. Assess for fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath
C. Administer anticoagulant therapy
D. Restrict fluid intake
B. Assess for fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath
A nurse is teaching a patient newly prescribed an inhaler for chronic lung disease. The patient states,
"I understand what the medication does, but I don’t know how to use it correctly."
Which learning domain should the nurse primarily focus on next?
A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Psychomotor
D. Emotional support
C. Psychomotor
A nurse is assessing a patient with an acute condition. Which characteristic is most consistent with an acute illness?
A. Requires lifelong management
B. Has a rapid onset and short duration
C. Involves long-term functional limitations
D. Requires permanent lifestyle adaptation
B. Has a rapid onset and short duration
A hospital reviews data and determines that 60% of nurses have specialty certification in their field.
Which type of quality evaluation measure is this?
A. Structural
B. Process
C. Outcome
D. Evaluation
a
A patient receives an oral medication that must pass through the liver before reaching systemic circulation.
Which pharmacokinetic concept explains this process?
A. Therapeutic index
B. First-pass effect
C. Distribution
D. Protein binding
B. First-pass effect
A patient has a WBC count of 1,800/mm³.
Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
A. Encourage frequent visitors
B. Implement neutropenic precautions
C. Administer anticoagulants
D. Encourage strenuous exercise
B. Implement neutropenic precautions
The nurse plans discharge teaching for a patient who had surgery earlier that day. The patient reports severe pain and appears extremely fatigued.
What is the best nursing action?
A. Provide full discharge education immediately
B. Delay teaching until the patient is more comfortable
C. Give written instructions only
D. Ask the family member to learn instead
B. Delay teaching until the patient is more comfortable
5) A nurse is coordinating discharge planning for a patient with a chronic condition. Which actions demonstrate the collaborative role of the nurse?
Select all that apply.
A. Consulting a specialist for additional expertise
B. Coordinating care with physical therapy
C. Independently determining all discharge plans
D. Communicating patient needs to the healthcare team
E. Collaborating with social workers for patient resources
a,b,d,e
Which responsibilities are associated with quality committees or process improvement groups?
Select all that apply.
A. Collecting and sharing quality data
B. Identifying system improvements
C. Investigating patient harm events
D. Managing insurance billing claims
E. Implementing corrective actions
a,b,c,e
A patient receives a loading dose of medication.
What is the purpose of this dosage?
A. To decrease adverse reactions
B. To reach therapeutic drug levels quickly
C. To prolong drug half-life
D. To reduce drug metabolism
B. To reach therapeutic drug levels quickly
A patient taking warfarin has an INR of 5.6.
What is the priority nursing action?
A. Administer the next scheduled dose of warfarin
B. Monitor for signs of bleeding and notify the provider
C. Encourage the patient to increase vitamin K intake immediately
D. Document the result and repeat the test in 24 hours
B. Monitor for signs of bleeding and notify the provider
A patient is being discharged after hospitalization for heart failure. Which teaching topic should the nurse prioritize first?
A. Hospital accreditation standards
B. Signs the condition is worsening
C. The nurse’s experience with heart failure patients
D. Hospital visitor policies
B. Signs the condition is worsening
During hourly rounding, a patient tells the nurse they cannot reach their phone and are uncomfortable in bed.
Which of the four “P’s” of rounding is the nurse addressing?
A. Pain and Possessions
B. Positioning and Possessions
C. Potty and Pain
D. Pain and Potty
b
A review of patient charts shows that all patients received a 20-week ultrasound screening for fetal abnormalities.
This represents which type of quality measure?
A. Structural
B. Process
C. Outcome
D. Benchmark
B. Process
A nurse notes that a patient with kidney disease is receiving a medication primarily eliminated through the kidneys.
Which pharmacokinetic process may be impaired?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
D. Excretion
A hospitalized patient has the following labs:
Albumin: 2.8 g/dL
Prealbumin: low
Total protein: low
Which nursing interpretation is most appropriate?
A. The patient may have poor nutritional status
B. The patient is experiencing acute bleeding
C. The patient is experiencing dehydration
D. The patient has severe infection
A. The patient may have poor nutritional status
A patient states during a nutrition education session:
"I know vegetables are healthy, but I just don’t feel motivated to change my diet."
Which learning domain is the primary barrier?
A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Psychomotor
D. Knowledge deficit
b. affective
Which patient responses are commonly associated with chronic conditions?
Select all that apply.
A. Long-term management of symptoms
B. Adjustment to lifestyle changes
C. Short-term treatment followed by full recovery
D. Development of long-term health goals
E. Ongoing coordination of care
a,b,d,e
After reviewing surgical cases, a hospital reports that 12% of patients required blood transfusions following abdominal surgery.
Which category of quality measurement does this represent?
A. Structural evaluation
B. Process evaluation
C. Outcome evaluation
D. Performance improvement
C. Outcome evaluation
A nurse is preparing to crush a patient’s medication for administration through a feeding tube. The medication label indicates extended release (XR).
What should the nurse do?
A. Crush the medication and administer immediately
B. Crush the medication and mix with water
C. Hold the medication and contact the provider or pharmacist
D. Administer half the tablet instead
C. Hold the medication and contact the provider or pharmacist
A patient receiving warfarin therapy has the following lab results:
PT: prolonged
INR: 4.2
Platelets: 230,000/mm³
What is the nurse’s best interpretation?
A. The patient is at high risk for clot formation
B. The patient may be receiving too much anticoagulant medication
C. The patient’s clotting ability is normal
D. The patient has developed thrombocytopenia
B. The patient may be receiving too much anticoagulant medication
A nurse teaches a patient how to use crutches before discharge.
Which statement best demonstrates effective use of the teach-back method?
A. “Tell me if you understand what I explained.”
B. “Watch me again while I demonstrate.”
C. “Show me how you would walk with the crutches.”
D. “You can read these instructions later.”
C. “Show me how you would walk with the crutches.”