History of Medicine
Physician credited with discovering penicillin
Alexander Fleming
Drug of choice for the first episode of nonfulminant Clostridioides difficile colitis based on 2021 IDSA guidelines
Fidaxomicin
Severe neurologic complication of Campylobacter jejuni infection
Guillain-Barré syndrome (accept GBS)
Time duration that differentiates sustained from non-sustained ventricular tachycardia
30 seconds
Therapy for refractory variceal bleeding that increases risk for encephalopathy
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (accept TIPS)
The first vaccine was for this organism
Smallpox
Initial medical therapy for primary biliary cholangitis
Ursodeoxycholic acid (accept UDCA, ursodiol)
Ocular finding of redness without exudate that can occur with leptospirosis
Conjunctival suffusion (accept subconjunctival hemorrhage, circumcorneal conjunctival congestion, and chemosis)
First SGLT2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in adults with and without type 2 diabetes
Dapagliflozin (accept Farxiga)
Intravenous anesthetic associated with green urine
Propofol
Organism ingested by internist Barry Marshall to prove its infectivity and association with disease
Helicobacter pylori
Stratification tool that identifies upper GI bleeding patients who are “low risk” and candidates for outpatient management
Glasgow-Blatchford score (accept Blatchford score or Rockall score)
Most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide
Hepatitis A
Valvulopathy that is an absolute contraindication to intraaortic balloon pump placement
Aortic regurgitation
Form of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation that provides both respiratory and hemodynamic support
Veno-arterial (accept arteriovenous or VA) ECMO
Physician credited with first describing digital clubbing
Hippocrates (also known as Hippocratic fingers or nails; considered the oldest sign in clinical medicine)
Hematological disorder found in 50% of patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome
Myeloproliferative disorder (accept any: polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, chronic myeloid leukemia); accept JAK-2 tyrosine kinase mutation
Group 1 carbapenem that lacks activity against Pseudomonas species
Ertapenem (accept Invanz)
Anti-anginal medication associated with reduced intracellular calcium levels and QT-prolongation
Ranolazine
Mechanical intervention for severe ARDS that reduces the ventral-dorsal transpulmonary pressure difference
Prone positioning
Morphine is named after this Greek god for sleep
Morpheus
Recommended treatment of constipation due to dyssynergic defecation
Biofeedback therapy (accept pelvic floor retraining)
Vaginal pH above which meets one of the Amsel criteria for bacterial vaginosis
4.5
Cardiac abnormality associated with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome
Interatrial shunt (accept patent foramen ovale (PFO); atrial septal defect; fenestrated atrial septal aneurysm)
Lipid abnormality associated with 'pseudo-metabolic acidosis
Hypertriglyceridemia