GI
Three most common causes of upper GI bleed.
Peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tear.
Individualized care that delivers proven benefits while minimizing risks and unnecessary costs
High value care
This type of clinical trial is the strongest experimental trial design
Randomized controlled trial
This is the proportion of persons with a positive test result who have the disease
Positive Predictive Value
Progressive decline in at least two cognitive domains (memory, attention, language, visuospatial function, and executive function) that negatively affects patient functioning
Cognitive impairment
The USPSTF recommends this medication for preventing colorectal cancer and CVD in individuals aged 50-59 years who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
low dose aspirin
Infection by this organism should be considered in patients with subacute cough characterized by paroxysms of severe coughing and posttussive emesis
Bordetella pertussis infection
this type of bias results in an artifactual increase in survival due to earlier diagnosis of disease from a screening test
Lead-time bias
Proportion of patients without the disease who have a negative test result
Specificity
The USPSTF recommends this treatment prevent falls in community-dwelling adults aged 65+ with increased fall risk
Exercise
Screening colonoscopy is recommended to begin at this age or 10 years prior to the age of the youngest first-degree relative diagnosed with colorectal cancer before age 60 years.
45 years old
The Dix-Hallpike maneuver can help differentiate between these two types of vertigo
Peripheral and central
This type of bias occurs when factors other than the treatments being studied are independently associated with the end point being assessed
Confounding Bias.
Odds that a patient has the disease after a test is performed
Posttest odds
Patients qualify for acute rehab therapy if the can participate in therapy for this # of hours per day, and this # of days a week
>3 hours, 5x/wk
Patients with acute pancreatitis who do not tolerate oral feeding should be considered for enteral feeding within this many hours
72 hours
First-line therapy for insomnia.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (includes sleep hygiene education)
A statistical method that combines the results from different studies included in systematic reviews, increasing sample size and statistical power
Meta-analysis
Ratio of the probability of a negative test result among patients with the disease to the probability of a negative result in patients without the disease
Negative likelihood ratio
The number of seconds above which the Timed Up and Go test is considered abnormal
>12 Seconds
Two lab tests that reflect liver synthetic function
Prothrombin time and serum albumin level
This describes a patient's ability to understand relevant information, consider treatment options, appreciate potential medical consequences of their decision, and communicate a choice
Decision-making capacity
The extent to which study results can be applied to settings other than the study setting representing the generalizability of the study results is referred to as this
External validity
Ratio of the probability of developing a disease with a risk factor present to the probability of developing the disease without the risk factor present
Relative risk
Recommended wound dressing for pressure ulcers consisting of adhesive absorbent polymers and a gelling agent with a gas-permeable film covering
Hydrocolloid dressing