Physical Exam
This term defines a visible, plump neck vein >4cm above the sternal angle, most often secondary to right heart failure or pulmonary hypertension.
JVD
This is the most common cause of right heart failure.
Left Heart Failure
This is the most common cause of sudden death in young healthy patients
HOCM
This is the most sensitive and specific cardiac marker for ACS.
Troponin(s)
When considering the primary or secondary causes, 95% of all cases of hypertension are of this nature.
Essential (Primary)
Left and right heart failure cause edema in different locations; the first in the ____ and the second in the ____.
LHF = Pulmonary Edema
RHF = Peripheral Edema
An independent predictor of heart failure mortality that directly correlates with severity of heart failure.
Hyponatremia
This acquired form of cardiac restriction classically presents on ECG's with diffuse ST elevations and PR segment depressions.
Pericarditis
This sub-classification of ACS is defined by the presence of unstable chest pain, elevated troponins, and a normal ECG.
NSTEMI
When lifestyle modifications fail, this is the first medical therapy to start in non-African American's with hypertension.
ACE-I or ARB (then thiazide or CCB)
This valvular defect produces a midsystolic or late systolic murmur radiating to the axilla with a preceding click.
Mitral Prolapse
Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is typically due to impairment of this phase in cardiac motility.
Impaired Relaxation (or Decreased Passive Filling)
This eponymous trio of findings suggests fluid within the pericardial sac compressing on the heart, often seen as a "water-bottle-shaped heart" on CXR.
Beck's Triad
Of all the interventions often suggested in early ACS, these TWO treatments are the only ones with proven benefits to mortality.
ASA and Supplemental O2
In hypertensive emergency, the goal of therapy is to lower blood pressure by this amount over the course of two hours.
25%
This is the term for a weak and delayed pulse, classically associated with moderate to severe aortic stenosis.
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
Unlike medications that help prevent remodeling of cardiac tissue, these two medications are often prescribed for severe heart failure but only provide symptomatic relief.
Lasix and Digoxin
While digoxin, diuretics, and spironolactone are specifically contraindicated in treating HOCM, this class of medications are the ideal first-line treatment.
B-Blockers
These abnormalities of the heart are the most common complications and most common causes of mortality following a STEMI.
Arrhythmias (Vfib and Vtach)
A young patient with a relatively normal diet that suffers from pancreatitis and has eruptive itchy nodules and orange streaks in their palmar creases should be tested for this inherited disease.
Hyperlipidemia
This eponymous finding describes an increase in JVP with inspiration and is classically associated with constrictive pericarditis.
Kussmaul Sign
This additional treatment is recommended for patients with Class III/IV heart failure and an EF <35% to decrease mortality.
AICD Implantation
This group of diagnoses most often presents with dyspnea, but also curiously presents with symptoms of right-sided heart failure, a normal ejection fraction, and is secondary to one of several infiltrative diseases.
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
A patient who had a posterior STEMI one week ago that now suddenly decompensates with a loud systolic murmur radiating to the axilla is likely suffering from this specific complication.
Papillary Muscle Rupture
This therapy should be started in patients with known diabetes and an LDL >70.
Statin (Moderate or High Intensity)