Independent Events
What does it mean for two events to be independent?
The outcome of one event does not affect the probability of the other event's outcome
Which statistic is being described?
The entire group that I am interested in learning about, from which I also take my sample
Population
Identify the sampling method used in the following scenario:
A researcher wants to study the study habits of college students in a large university. The researcher randomly selects 100 students from a list of all registered students at the university, ensuring that every student has an equal chance of being chosen.
Simple Random Sample (SRS)
Identify the data collection method used in the following scenario:
A coffee shop chain wants to know how satisfied its customers are with the quality of its service and products. They distribute an online questionnaire to customers who made a purchase in the last month, asking them to rate their satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10.
Survey
True or False:
All statistical distributions are normal distributions
False
This American woman was an iconic figure in the Civil Rights Movement, known for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. Her brave act sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Who is she?
Rosa Parks
Determine if events A and B are independent or dependent
P(A) = 1/2 , P(B) = 2/3 , P(A|B) = 1/2
Independent
Identify the sample in the following scenario:
A researcher conducts a survey among 200 students at a high school to understand their study habits and preferences for learning techniques. The survey asks questions about study time, preferred study methods, and how much time students spend on homework each week.
200 high school students
Identify the sampling method used in the following scenario:
A researcher is interested in understanding the after-school activity preferences of students at a high school. The researcher divides the students into two groups based on gender (male and female) and then randomly selects 50 students from each group to complete the survey.
Stratified Random Sample
Identify the data collection method used in the following scenario:
A researcher wants to study whether the amount of sleep students get affects their academic performance. The researcher selects 200 students and asks them how many hours they typically sleep each night and their grade point average (GPA).
Survey
Which statistical measure represents the middle of a normal distribution?
Mean
Median
Mode
This trailblazing athlete broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947 when he became the first Black player to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers. His courage paved the way for the integration of professional sports.
Who is he?
Jackie Robinson
Determine if events A and B are independent or dependent
P(A) = 1/2, P(B) = 2/3, P(A|B) = 3/5
Dependent
Identify the population in the following scenario:
A researcher conducts a survey among 200 students at a high school to understand their study habits and preferences for learning techniques. The survey asks questions about study time, preferred study methods, and how much time students spend on homework each week.
All students at a certain high school
Identify the sampling method used in the following scenario:
A store manager wants to gather feedback from customers about their shopping experience. The manager decides to survey every 10th customer who enters the store throughout the day, starting from the first customer.
Systematic Random Sample
Identify the data collection method used in the following scenario:
A traffic researcher wants to study the traffic flow at a busy intersection. They observe the traffic for two hours during the morning rush hour, noting the number of vehicles that pass through and any delays caused by traffic lights.
Observational Study
List the 5 key features of a normal distribution
Bell-shaped
Symmetrical
Unimodal
Centered at the mean
Mean = Median = Mode
This legendary singer, known as the "Queen of Soul," became famous for hits like "Respect" and "Natural Woman." She was also an advocate for civil rights and social justice.
Who is she?
Aretha Franklin
Determine if events A and B are independent or dependent
P(A) = 1/2, P(B) = 2/3, P(A and B) = 1/3
Independent
Identify the parameter of interest in the following scenario:
A company wants to assess employee satisfaction across its entire workforce. The company randomly selects 50 employees from its 1,000-person workforce to fill out a survey about their job satisfaction, work-life balance, and compensation.
Average job satisfaction score of employees in the company
Identify the sampling method used in the following scenario:
A film company creates an online survey to gather feedback about movie preferences. The survey is posted on their website, and anyone who visits the website can choose to fill out the survey.
Volunteer Survey
Identify the data collection method used in the following scenario:
A researcher conducts a study to test a new diet plan. They recruit 100 volunteers and randomly assign them to two groups. One group follows the new diet, while the other group follows a standard diet. After three months, the researchers measure the weight loss of each participant and compare the results between the two groups.
Experiment
What does the number 68 represent in the empirical rule (68-95-99.7 rule) of the normal distribution?
68% of the data is within 1 standard deviation of the mean
This influential American civil rights leader and activist was known for his strong advocacy for Black nationalism and was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam and the Black Panther Party. He was assassinated in 1965 while delivering a speech.
Who is he?
Malcolm X
Determine if events A and B are independent or dependent
P(A) = 1/4, P(B) = 3/5, P(A and B) = 3/21
Dependent
List one of the reasons why statisticians use samples to represent populations
Population size constraints
Time constraints
Cost restraints
Why do random sampling methods provide more accurate results than non-random sampling methods?
Random sampling methods eliminate potential bias!
Why might a researcher prefer the results of an experiment over the results of a survey or observational study?
Experiments can establish cause-and-effect relationships!
What percentage of data is within 2 standard deviations of the mean in a normal distribution?
95%
This American astrophysicist is known for his work in popularizing science and making complex topics in astronomy accessible to the public. He is the director of the Hayden Planetarium and has hosted several television programs, including "Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey."
Who is he?
Neil deGrasse Tyson