B mine? cell development
Adults _______ produce B cells in the bone marrow. (continuously/ no longer)
continuously
These mice lack a thymus and, therefore, T cells.
Nude
Recombination of the heavy chain happens via _____ (genome editing/ alternative splicing), while recombination of the light chain happens via _____ (genome editing/ alternative splicing).
genome editing, genome editing
Memory B cells primarily reside in these two organs.
Lymph nodes, spleen
CD44 is a marker of ______ (naive/ effector/ memory/ >1) T cells.
effector and memory
This is the Ig isotype expressed on the surface of B cells that marks the completion of VDJ recombination.
IgM
This signal from thymic stromal cells commits precursors to the T cell lineage.
This genome editing can happen in mature B cells.
These are the predominant antibody isotypes produced during the memory response.
IgG, IgA
These are three types of memory T cells.
Central memory, effector memory, tissue-resident memory
These are two possible fates of B cells with self-reactive receptors.
Receptor editing, apoptosis (high affinity), anergy (lower affinity), ignorance (cell does not respond to antigen, survives and can be activated)
TCR beta chain rearrangement completes in the _____ stage, while TCR alpha chain rearrangement completes in the _____ stage.
DN3, double positive
This light chain locus is rearranged first, and only upon unsuccessful rearrangement will the other locus be rearranged.
kappa
Overall B cell receptor affinity is _____ (higher/ lower) in memory responses, compared to primary responses. Why?
higher. memory B cells have already undergone affinity maturation, and those cells with high affinity will proliferate more in the memory response
Central memory T cells express _____ and reside in ______, while effector memory cells lack this and move to ______.
CCR7, lymphoid tissue, tissues
______ signaling reduces the expression of RAG1/2 in large pre-B cells, while a lack of signaling/ crosslinking of ______ reduces the expression of RAG1/2 in immature B cells
pre-B cell receptor, surface IgM
CD4 or CD4 single positive commitment happens via ______ selection from _______ cells expressing _____ (self/ foreign) antigen.
positive, cortical epithelial, self
12, 23, V(D)J - C
My Chemical Romance
Memory B cells present antigen more efficiently to Tfh cells than naive B cells, due to increased expression of these two surface molecules.
MHCII, B7.1 (interacts with CD28)
This cell type helps establish CD8 T cell memory by signaling via CD40 and IL-2.
CD4 T cells
Mutations in _____ cause Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia, which prevents the transition to the _______ B cell stage
Btk. Small pre-B cell
_____ is the autoimmune disorder caused by AIRE mutations, interfering with the ability of _____ cells to present _____.
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidias-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), thymic medullary cells, self antigen from peripheral tissues
This is the 5' to 3' sequence of the recombination signal sequence heptamer.
5' CACAGTG 3'
Francina?
This phenomenon causes secondary immune responses to favor memory cells specific for a previous antigen, rather than naive cells specific for a (slightly altered) new antigen.