General Statistics
Immigrant females make up this percentage of the population in Canada.
What is 20%?
Social isolation, depression, anxiety, PTSD/ PTSS (post traumatic stress symptoms) makes up this category of problems often experienced by immigrant women.
What are mental health problems?
Immigrant mothers have to face challenges due to racialization, gender inequality, and caregiving burden. Their situation is an example of this.
What is intersectionality?
This barrier could make it more difficult for patients to explain their medical symptoms to a doctor or to receive support from various social services
What is a Language Barrier?
Social isolation of a parent could impact mental and physical health of their child, True or False?
True!
“Social isolation may also affect the mental and physical health of children, either directly or indirectly, via its impact on maternal mental health.” (Lim et al., 2022)
A longer migration time is associated with a lower risk of depression among the immigrant population, true or false?
False
This “effect” explains how immigrants face worse health outcomes longitudinally compared to Canadians born in Canada.
What is the Healthy Immigrant effect? (O’Mahony & Clark, 2018)
This culture and cultural difference in relationships may lead to difficulties in developing relationships in Canada compared to other cultures where community support are encouraged.
What is the individualist culture?
e.g. often must plan social visits and make appointments for services in advance
This factor is identified as one of the leading risk factors to develop postpartum depression among immigrant women.
What is the lack of social supports (Guruge et al., 2015)?
The primary source of support and the most important protective factor for immigrant children's wellbeing.
What is a Healthy Family? (Andrade et al., 2023)
These two type of networks and their examples could provide social support to immigrant mothers.
What are:
Informal networks: friends, families, and ethnic communities
Formal networks : health-care/social work practitioners
Recently(within the last 5 years) immigrated women have this many times greater risk to develop postpartum depression.
What is a 5 times greater risk of postpartum depression (O’Mahony & Clark, 2018)
People can over look these aspects of health if people overly focus on cultural difference aspect influence on immigrant mental health.
What are the Social dimensions of mental health?
e.g. poverty, education, gender , institutional responsibility for redressing inequities in health care
Due to structural shortcomings of available formal support systems, immigrants often turn to this kind of support systems.
What are Informal systems such as friends, family, ethnocultural organizations, faith groups, ect (Olukotun et al., 2023)?
This can contribute to a reduced sense of parental competence.
What is an absent or small social network?
Shown to contribute to low self esteem, self confidence, and a reduced sense of parental competence (Lim et al., 2022)
Recent immigrants and elderly immigrants experience this many times more rate of social isolation than the other demographics.
What is 9 times?
DAILY DOUBLE!
This concept refers to the stress immigrant women experience when navigating between the cultural values of their home country and those of their new country.
What is Acculturative stress?
Culture influences on the interpretations and perceptions of symptoms, decision-making, and help-seeking behavior has impact on immigrant women's access to these services.
What are the healthcare services?
DAILY DOUBLE!
These are two examples of structural factors why an immigrant mother would not seek mental health support.
Fear of medical records being used against them in their refugee or immigrant process
fear of children being deemed unsafe in care and taken by child services
Lack of culturally safe/agile programs and/or accessible language options
No access to language interpreter
ect, ect,ect
Due to the high childcare cost, newly immigrant mothers handling childcare themselves while being unable to work or form social connections, can lead to their children missing this crucial developmental process.
What is socialization?
These kind of objective and subjective situation and feeling experiences that often happen to migrant mothers due to numerous factors.
What are the Objective experience of social isolation and Subjective experience of sense of loneliness?
Factors: family separation, language barriers, past traumas, having a precarious immigration status, and unfamiliarity with the host country's culture
The difference between loneliness and social isolation, and their definitions.
What are: Social isolation “objective lack of social contacts and is often measured in terms of social network size, network diversity or frequency of contacts”
Loneliness is subjective and describes “feelings of disconnectedness or sadness and absence of meaningful relationships, which occurs when there is a gap between one's desired and actual social experiences” ?
These are three examples of the cultural barriers preventing immigrant women from accessing mental health support.
fear stigma attached to mental illness perception within family and ethnic community
The unacceptable social norm about gender role
Health care system staff are not culturally competent / lack of awareness of cultural differences
Regarding the mental health of immigrant mothers, this shift is needed to go from an individualized, pathologizing approach to an approach that consider the broader social and economic challenges faced by immigrant women.
What is a paradigm shift?
Children up to this age are the most vulnerable to social isolation due to being dependent on family for care and stimulation.
What is age of 5?
Children 5 and younger are particularly vulnerable to social isolation since they are highly dependent on the immediate family for care and early stimulations (Lim et al., 2022)