Immigration
the two processing centers for incoming immigrants to America
What is Ellis/Angel Island?
the process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population comes to live in the city
What is urbanization?
the movement of people within urban areas using group travel technologies such as buses and trains
What is Mass Transit?
Length of the trip from Europe to Ellis Island
What is 1 week?
Term for the small and crowded living spaces immigrants lived in
What are tenements?
the type of jobs immigrants were able to get
What are unskilled labor positions or low paying jobs?
The two official public safety organizations formed during this time
What are police forces and fire departments?
Why did some people oppose immigration? (what were they afraid of)
What is the fact that immigrants would potentially be stealing job opportunities?
This major piece of infrastructure was largely built by Asian immigrants
What are railroads?
Part of the boat that most immigrants traveled in
What is steerage?
By 1890, half of all immigrants in the US came from here
What is southern and eastern Europe?
Name 3 improvements made to cities during this time
What is chlorination/filtration, mass transit, sanitation departments, sewer systems, tenements, creation of police and fire departments?
Where immigrants typically lived within cities
What is in communities/near people of the same background?
Conditions were much more harsh at this processing center
What is Angel Island?
the process where individuals or groups of differing ethnic heritage are absorbed into the dominant culture of a society
What is assimilation?
A program to teach American culture to immigrants and assimilate them into American society
What is the Americanization Movement?
3 groups of people that came to cities
What are farmers, African Americans, and immigrants?
Impact of steel on cities
What is steel skeletons allowing for skyscrapers, train tracks/cable car tracks for mass transit, bridges, etc. - All allowed for growth and movement in limited space
Percentage of immigrants denied entry at Ellis Island
What is 2%?
favoritism towards native-born Americans
What is escaping religious prosecution, searching for freedom, escaping overpopulation, looking for job opportunities?
Name 4 major urban problems of the time
What is crime, fire hazards, lack of sanitation, unsafe drinking water, lack of transportation and lack of housing?
As problems in cities mounted, concerned Americans worked to find solutions. This was a program that preached spiritual salvation through service to the poor.
What was the Social Gospel Movement?
Name 4 requirements immigrants needed for entry into the US
What is passing a physical, pass a government inspection, not a felon, able to work, had at least $25?
passed by Congress in 1882, which for 10 years banned all immigrants except for students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act?