People
What led to an increase in the available workforce in the 1880s?
An increase in immigration.
What is a monopoly?
One person/ company has total control of an industry.
Where did most immigrants come to America from?
Europe and Asia.
What allowed people to have more access to buy more consumer goods?
Mail order catalog.
What are push vs pull factors?
Push factors are reasons people leave their countries. Pull factors are reasons that draw people to new countries.
Who developed the assembly line and why?
Henry Ford develop the assembly line to decrease the cost of production and lowering costs for buyers.
What was the result of the assembly line on the cost of production of cars?
Cost of making a car decreases with the use of an assembly line.
Where did workers on farms go as a result of mechanization?
Cities
Why did cities grow and develop during industrialization?
What is steerage and why did immigrants have to travel that way?
The steerage was the cramped portion at the bottom of a ship and it was the cheapest way of traveling.
Which captain of the industry/ robber baron monopolized his industry by driving out his competition?
Cornelius Vanderbilt.
How did cost of production affect the availability of cars in America for the average citizen?
Cost of production was down because of the assembly line = more cars available to buy = cheaper for consumers (buyers)
Where did immigrants live when they arrived in the U.S.?
Many settled in cities in tenements.
How did mechanization change life on farms? and what happened to the workers?
More machines meant fewer workers on farms.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and what is notable about this law?
Law that banned Chinese immigration to the U.S. This was the first law that restricted immigration based on race.
List 2 captains of industry and their respective industries.
John D. Rockefeller- Oil
Andrew Carnegie- Steel
Cornelius Vanderbilt- Railroad
J.P. Morgan- Banking
What is the difference between horizontal integration and vertical integration?
Horizontal integration is when a company buys out all smaller companies/ competition. Vertical integration is when a company controls every step of production.
Where were European vs Asian immigrants processed when they arrived in the U.S.?
Europeans- Ellis Island
Asians- Angel Island
How did the railroad influence the growth of industries?
Connected raw materials to factories in the east and allowed finished products to be sent to national markets.
How did immigrants manage to preserve aspects of their culture?
They established ethnic communities to keep some sense of familiarity and security.
What is a captain of the industry?
A captain of the industry is a business leader who built large scale industries in the United States during the Industrial Revolution.
What 4 specific factors led to the growth of industry?
Access to raw materials, new inventions, more workers from immigration, and financial resources (money).
List 3 cities that had centered industries and their industry.
Chicago- Meat packing
Pittsburgh- Steel
New England- Textiles
Detroit- Automobiles.
List 3 inventions from the Industrial Revolution and the inventor.
Thomas Edison- lightbulb
Samuel Morse- telegraph/ morse code
Wright Brothers- airplane
Alexander Graham Bell- telephone
Henry Ford- assembly line/ affordable cars
What were some challenges immigrants faced when they arrived in the U.S.?
Racism, discrimination, exploitation, violence, restrictive laws, bad working/living conditions, etc.