Immune System
The smallest non-living thing which can cause a disease.
What are viruses?
Your skin, mucus membranes and tears are all considered part of this.
What is the "first layer of defence" of our immune system?
This is the general name for white blood cells that engulf pathogens and are nonspecific in the second line of defense
What are phagocytes or macrophages?
Anything that can cause disease, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
What is a pathogen?
This is the definition of homeostasis.
These are the two main parts of the nervous system
CNS and PNS
This provides the body with a weakened or dead version of a pathogen so that it can develop an immune response.
What is a vaccine?
This process produces memory cells - cells that can launch a rapid response to a pathogen.
What is immunity?
The body’s response to tissue damage or infection that raises the temperature of the affected area.
What is the Inflammatory Response?
These cells detect, attack, and destroy pathogens.
What is the job of white blood cells?
A carrier of a disease-causing agent from an infected individual to a non-infected individual or its food or environment
What is a vector?
These are 3 examples of things which need to be kept constant in the body.
What is this a list of? Blood sugar, temperature, water levels.
The covering on a nerve cell which speeds up the rate of nerve impulses
What is the myelin sheath?
This "layer of defense" is specific and acquired.
What is the third layer of defence (immune response)?
This type of white blood cell remains in the blood after infection with 'knowledge' for how to fight a specific pathogen after a person recovers or is vaccinated.
What is a memory B cell?
A disease which can spread from person to person.
What is a contagious/transmissible disease?
The maintenance of constant internal body temperature
The brain is not involved
What is different about an involuntary, reflex response vs a voluntary response?
molecules produced by white blood cells which are specific to a type of pathogen
What are antibodies?
Occurs when neutrophils (WBC's) engulf and destroy pathogens
What is phagocytosis?
A white blood cell that matures in the bone marrow which recognizes & responds to antigens by producing antibodies
What are B Cells?
This cell activates B cell to produces antibodies.
What is a helper T cell?
Increased blood flow brings immune cells to the infected area, causing redness and swelling.
When the body detects that internal conditions have changed, this GENERAL process brings them back to normal levels
What is a negative feedback loop?
This happens at the synapse
Electrical nerve impulses are transferred to neurotransmitters to continue the signal
The chemical produced in the body during a reaction to an allergen such as pollen or pet dander.
What are histamines?
During this type of immune response, your body reacts and attacks the pathogen more quickly.
What is a secondary immune response?
Two cells in the immune system that are specific
What are B and T cells?
This type of white blood cell destroys cells infected by viruses.
What is a killer (cytotoxic) T cell?
This is the definition of herd immunity
When enough people are immune or vaccinated against a disease to prevent the spread of the disease, what is this known as?
The part of the brain is the link between the endocrine and nervous system by detecting changes and producing hormones
What is the hypothalamus?
This are the 6 steps in the pathway taken by a reflex response
Stimulus, sensory neurone, relay neurone (spinal cord), motor neurone, effector, response