General
What does the immune system protect against?
Pathogens
What is the skin's role
Physical barrier
Name the rise in core body temperature during an infection
fever
Which cells bind to antigens to destrot pathogens
(Killer) T cells
What type of immunity is vaccination?
Active artificial
Define pathogens
Disease-causing micro-organisms
What traps pathogens in the nasal cavity (two answers)
mucus and hairs
Name two cells types of phagocytes
neutrophils and macrophages
Which cells will respond quickly to subsequent infections of the same pathogen
memory cells
What is passed from mother to baby through pregnancy or breastmilk
antibodies
Define antigens
A protein on a pathogen that can cause an immune response.
Define 'non-specific' in terms of immunity
The structures act the same way to every type of pathogen
Name the four signs of inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, and pain
Define "specific immunty"
Immune system responds to specific pathogens using unique markers called antigens.
What is natural active immunity?
Getting symptoms, getting better, and developing memory cells tot he pathogen
Name five protective reflexes of the immune system
(Any five) sneezing, coughing, vomiting, diarrhoea, tearing, blinking
What is the role of cilia?
Move pathogens / mucus out of airways
What chemical causes capillary dilation
histamine
What is the action of antibodies
bind to and neutralise the pathogen
Describe two features of artificial passive immunity.
injection of antibodies.
No memory cells produced / no long-term immunity
Name the action of acids, and three locations where it is secreted
Kills pathogens. Skin (sweat glands), stomach, vaginal tract, urethra, saliva
Name a type of pathogen that can survive and grow on the skin
fungi / tinea
What is the purpose of capillary dilation during inflammation
Bring more white blood cells to the site of infection
What do T cells attack that antibodies don't
What is the societal benefit to vaccination programs
herd immunity