Lines of Defense
Which line of defence is specific and learned?
Third Line of Defence
These cells produce antibodies that lock onto pathogens
B Cells
What are harmless versions of a pathogen that we can inject into our body to trigger an immune response called?
Vaccines
Type of immunity that is present from birth and acts the same against all pathogens.
Innate Immunity
These cells release signals that activate other immune cells
Helper T Cells
What type of disease occurs when the immune system attacks your own body's healthy cells?
Autoimmune disease
This line of defence is innate and becomes active after pathogens have entered the body, using cells like macrophages and killer T cells.
Second Line of Defence
These cells target and eliminate body cells infected by pathogens to prevent further infection.
Killer T Cells
What is it called when most people in a community are vaccinated?
(Hint: _______ Immunity)
Herd Immunity
A student receives a flu shot. Later, they are exposed to the real influenza virus. The immune system rapidly produces antibodies and activates killer T cells, preventing any further illness.
Which line of defence is most responsible for this immune response?
Third Line of Defence
Suppresor T Cells
Which type of vaccine uses only one specific part of the pathogen rather than the entire organism?
Subunit Vaccine
A child frequently gets skin infections despite having no serious illnesses. The doctors have noticed that the child’s skin is unusually thin, and their mucus membranes produce less fluid than normal. However, when infected cells appear inside the body, their immune cells respond normally.
Which line of defence is not functioning properly in this child?
First Line of Defence
Which immune cell engulfs and digests pathogens?
Macrophages
A 17-year-old student experiences their immune system attacking their own pancreatic cells.
Which autoimmune disease does the student most likely have?
Type 1 diabetes