Cells
What do B-cells create?
Antibodies
3 Details about the Innate Immune System
Non-specific to pathogens
1st and 2nd lines of defense
Rapid response time
Born with
3 Details about Adaptive Immune System
Specific to pathogens
3rd line of defense
Slower response time; longer-lasting
Acquired throughout life
Function of the immune system.
recognize, fight, and defend the body against foreign invaders
T-Cells are made in the bone marrow but mature in the _______.
Thymus
What is phagocytosis? Give one example of a cell that does this.
Cells "eating/engulfing" pathogens to get rid of them
Ex. Neutrophils/Macrophages
Allows the body to remember and respond more quickly if they encounter the antigen again in the future --> store antibodies
1st line of defense
What kind of an immune cell is a Dendritic cell?
APC (antigen-presenting cell)
What are 2 examples of antimicrobial proteins?
Pepsin and HCl in stomach (pH 2)
Lysozyme in tears
Sweat → high salt concentration
**All help to kill bacteria**
3 types of T-Cells
- Helper T-cells
- Cytotoxic T-cells
- Regulatory T-cells
What is an antigen?
What is an antibody?
Antigen: unique shape on pathogens that trigger an immune response (all pathogens are different!)
Antibody: proteins B-cells create that bind to an antigen and tag the pathogen for destruction
What cells use the protein perforin to inject enzymes that stimulate apoptosis?
Natual Killer Cells
Increased blood flow from inflammation is caused by the chemcial ______
Histamine
engulf antigens and then present their fragments on their surfaces so that T-cells can recognize and respond to them
What is a vaccine and how does it work?
weakened, inactivated or part of a virus/bacteria that stimulates an immune response
Tricks immune system to make antibodies
Body will remember how to make them if the real thing invades later to decrease response time
What white blood cell does the chemical cytokine in inflammation attract?
Neutrophils
Why is a fever a good thing?
Why is a fever a bad thing?
Good: High temp causes many bacteria to die, Liver and spleen to sequester iron and zinc (Prevents/slows pathogens from multiplying since they need iron to replicate)
Bad: High temp for too long can cause body to go into organ failure
What are the 4 ways someone could obtain antibodies?
- Active Naturally Acquired: From infection or contact with a pathogen
- Active Artificially Acquired: From a vaccine; either a dead or extremely weakened pathogen
- Passive Naturally Acquired: Antibodies passed from mother to fetus via placenta or to infant in breastmilk
- Passive Artificially Acquired: Injection of antibodies made outside of your body
What is the danger of organ transplants and the immune system? How can you counteract this?
WBCs do not recognize antigens on transplanted organ and will try to destory it.
Take immunosuppressant medications to suppress immune system