Basic Immunity Concepts
This is defined as resistance to disease-causing pathogens
What is immunity?
This line of defense includes skin, hair, and keratin
What are surface barriers?
Process where cells move toward a site of injury using chemical signals
What is chemotaxis?
This system is specific, systemic, and has memory
What is adaptive immunity?
B-cells must bind to this to become activated
What is an antigen?
Disease-causing agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi
What are pathogens?
These help trap pathogens and are found in openings like the mouth and eyes
What are mucus membranes?
Process where WBCs squeeze through blood vessels
What is transmigration?
These cells produce antibodies
What are B-cells?
These cells produce large amounts of antibodies
What are plasma cells?
The part of a pathogen that triggers an immune response
What are antigens?
These defenses are broad and not selective
What is the innate immune system?
Cells that “eat” pathogens
What are phagocytes?
These cells target infected or abnormal cells
What are T-cells?
These cells “remember” past infections
What are memory cells?
Immunity is not just this, even though it is a major component
What are antibodies?
These include antimicrobial proteins and phagocytes
What are internal defenses?
Cells that target cells lacking self-recognition
What are natural killer (NK) cells?
Type of adaptive immunity that uses antibodies
What is humoral immunity?
These T-cells directly kill infected cells using perforin and granzymes
What are cytotoxic T-cells?
This explains why some diseases affect certain species but not others
What is immune system recognition?
This response increases body temperature and helps fight infection
What is fever?
Proteins that inhibit viral replication but do not kill the virus directly
What are interferons?
Type of adaptive immunity that targets intracellular pathogens
What is cellular immunity?
These proteins help distinguish self from non-self (Class I vs II)
What are MHC proteins?