Innate and adaptive
What are the two types of defense?
innate and adaptive immunity
What is the first line of defense
Skin (external)
What are natural killer cells
Cells that kill your own cells by triggering apoptosis
What are antibiotics
They are things that treat bacterial illnesses
What is vaccination
substances used to stimulate your immune system to guard against attack
Why are innate and adaptive immunity different
Innate is Non-specific while adaptive is specific to pathogens.
What are mucous membranes
Line openings in the skin in order to protect respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts.
But why do they kill the cells
Because the killer cells saw that those cells were infected
What do antivirals do
They treat viral illnesses
What are vaccinations made from
A weakened, inactivated virus, or part of a virus/bacteria
What is the difference between the innate and adaptive immunity response time
Innate has a response time of 0-96 hours while adaptive is greater than 96
What is the second line of defense, internal or external?
It is internal
What do natural killer cells help with killing?
Tumors and virus-infected cells
What is the difference between the two treatments?
Antibiotics are 1st made from fungus (penicillin), now most are artificial, and what they do is that they target specific bacterial structures to kill them, while antivirals dont kill the virus, but shorten the length of symptons.
Why do vaccine's work
Because of herd immunity.
How many mechanisms does the Innate immunity have
It has six mechanisms while adaptive only has one
If the second line of defense is internal, what is the thing that happens?
It is fever, it increases metabolism of cells so they heal faster, there is also chemical signals.
What protein do natural killer cells use?
It uses perforin.
What is the major issue of antibiotics
Antibiotic resistance
What is the immune system exposed to before vaccinations
Antigens
Tell me all mechanisms of Innate and Adaptive
Physical barriers, like mucus
Antimicrobial proteins, like lysozymes and defensins
Signaling proteins, like interferons
Inflammation
Phagocytosis
White blood cells, like natural killer cell
Humoral immunity (B cells, antibodies)
What does inflammation act like
A fire alarm
Why do killer cells use perforin
To create pores in cell membranes of an infected cell through which they can inject enzymes that will stimulate the cell to do apoptosis.
Antivirals are prescribed to who
Usually patients with life threatening symptons.
Specify on what vaccines do more
They trick the immune system to make antibodies that your body will remember how to make if the real thing invades later to decrease response time