Immune System Vocab
Non-Specific Immune System
Specific Immune System
Antibiotics
Vaccines
100
What is the immune system?
The immune system is the body system that fights infection and prevents illnesses.
100
Which of the following is not considered a part of the non-specific immune system?
a. Antibodies
b. The skin
c. Phagocytes
d. Stomach Acid
a. Antibodies
100
Which of the following is an example of the body's specific immune response?
a. swelling
b. production of antibodies
c. phagocytosis
d. fever
b. production of antibodies
100
Antibiotics can be used to treat some infectious disease. Which pathogens cause these diseases?
a. Bacteria
b. Viruses
c. Toxins
d. Fungus
a. Bacteria
100
Vaccines provide ________ immunity.
a. Antigen
b. Acquired
c. Innate
d. Interferon
b. Acquired
200
What are pathogens?
A bacteria, virus, or any microorganism that can cause disease.
200
The non-specific immune response is also known as ____ immunity.
Innate
200
The specific immune response is also known as ____ immunity.
Adaptive
200
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is caused by a type of staph bacteria. Most MRSA infections occur in people who've been in hospitals or other health care settings, such as nursing homes and dialysis centers. However, only about 5% of today's staph infections can be cured with penicillin. Why do you think that MRSA can no longer be treated with antibiotics?
MRSA is the result of decades of often unnecessary antibiotic use. For years, antibiotics have been prescribed for colds, flu and other viral infections that don't respond to these drugs. Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, they contribute to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria because they don't destroy every germ they target.
200
The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing
weakened polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals
become protected against polio because the
weakened viruses
a. prevent further viral invasion.
b. induce an inflammatory response.
c. promote production of antibodies.
d. are too weak to cause illness.
c. promote production of antibodies.
300
What is an antibody?
An antibody is a Y-shaped protein that is made in response to the presence of a specific antigen. Antibodies idenitfy and latch onto specific antigens in order to remove them from the body.
300
White blood cells are an important part of the human immune response. Two types of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages, act as phagocytes. Phagocytes perform which of the following functions in the human body?
a. They produce antibodies.
b. They bind to antigens and develop into plasma cells.
c. They form a barrier against pathogens.
d. They engulf and destroy bacteria.
d. They engulf and destroy bacteria.
300
What is responsible for creating antibodies to protect the body against foreign particles?
B-lymphocytes
300
Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics because antibiotics have been so widely used. Now, bacteria that used to be killed by antibiotics are more difficult to treat. What is the best way to proceed in dealing with this public health problem?
a. Antibiotics should no longer be used.
b. Antibiotics should be made available to anyone without a prescription.
c. Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.
d. Anti-viral medications should now be used instead of antibiotics.
c. Antibiotics should only be prescribed to people with bacterial infections.
300
Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?
a. Antibodies to a disease bacterium
b. Live, inactive viruses
c. Weakened viruses or antigens from the virus
d. Blood from a person who has had the disease
c. Weakened viruses or antigens from the virus
400
What are antigens?
Any substance that causes your body to produce an immune response and produce antibodies.
400
Why do we say the SKIN is the FIRST line of defense? (Select all that apply)
a. Epidermis provides an initial barrier from the environment
b. Breaks in the skin result in infection
c. Epidermis secretes chemicals to stop invaders
d. There are no other forms of barrier defense
a. Epidermis provides an initial barrier from the environment
c. Epidermis secretes chemicals to stop invaders
400
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?
a. The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
b. The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
c. The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.
d. The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.
b. The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
400
To prevent antibiotic resistance from occurring you must...
(Select all that apply)
a. Only use antibiotics when needed
b. Take antibiotics for viruses
c. Take half the course of antibiotics
d. Complete the full course of antibiotics
a. Only use antibiotics when needed
d. Complete the full course of antibiotics
400
The MMR vaccine was introduced in the US in 1971 to help prevent measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). This vaccine was a great accomplishment in the battle to prevent these dangerous diseases. Herd immunity arises when a significant proportion of the population is vaccinated against a disease.
Explain what happened to the spread of the infection as more individuals were vaccinated.
When a high percentage of the population is vaccinated, it is difficult for infectious diseases to spread because there are not many people who can be infected. As more individuals become vaccinated, the spread of the infection will decrease and eventually herd immunity will be achieved.
500
What are T lymphocyte cells?
A type of white blood cell that participates in the specific, internal immune response
500
Referring to the picture above, which compound is released during the immune response shown above?
Histamine
500
In the picture above, identify the blue structures and their role in the immune system response?
Antibody. Their role involves attaching to specific antigens and clumping together
500
At the urgent care clinic, Samantha is diagnosed with a cold, and antibiotics are not prescribed. Several days later, Samantha is getting better but still has some cold symptoms. Janine wonders if antibiotics may help now, so she calls Samantha’s pediatrician. Will antibiotics help Samantha feel better? Yes or no and EXPLAIN why.
No, it will not help Samantha feel better. Antibiotics only fight off bacterial infections and the common cold is a viral infection.
500
A 3 month old baby contracts a virus called whooping cough (pertussis) after receiving the first of a sequence of 3 necessary DPT vaccines designed to prevent 3 diseases (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus). The vaccines are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age to allow the body to develop specific immunity against these diseases. After the infant recovered from the disease, the doctor informed the parents that from now on the infant would only need the DT (diphtheria, tetanus) part of the vaccine. Why does the infant only need the DT vaccine?
a. The infant had the first of a series of vaccines which caused the disease
b.The infant had the first of a series of vaccines which protected him from getting the disease.
c. The infant had the pertussis disease and has already produced antibodies against the disease.
d. The infant had the pertussis disease and will get diphtheria in the future.
c. The infant had the pertussis disease and has already produced antibodies against the disease.