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Pathogen Characteristics
Modes of Transmission
First Line of Defense
Second Line of Defense
Third Line of Defense
100

Which of the following can be treated with antibiotics? Bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, some fungal infections. 

bacterial and (some) parasitic infections 

100

True or false: humans can be disease vectors.

True!

100

Stomach acid is which form of defense?

Chemical

100

True or false: a fever raises the body's temperature enough to kill pathogens.

sort of - it slows down reproduction

100

All of the following are characteristics of adaptive immunity EXCEPT...memory, malleability, diversity, specificity

Malleability

200

What are the "keys" on the surfaces of pathogens that fit into our cells' "locks"?

antigens

200
In a hypothetical situation, Mr. Mosby has Influenza A and sneezes on his laptop. Ms. D'Esposito then types a caption for a picture in the Yearbook and scratches her nose. What mode of transmission is this?

Indirect contact

200

How do tears act as a line of defense?

wash away debris and pathogens

200

What common drug is classified as an antihistamine? 

diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)

200

Which type of white blood cell is best for fighting something like influenza?

T-cells

300

How do viruses replicate inside a host? 

Injecting their DNA in our cells 

300

When do airborne illnesses usually spread and why?

Winter - dry and cold air facilitates spread 

300

Why is breast milk so important in the development of a baby's immune system?

gives the baby vital antibodies to develop its immune system 

300

Where does your body produce histamine?

skin, lungs, intestines, and brain! 

300

What is the purpose of memory B cells?

remember previous infections so that they can recruit antibodies to protect against that infection

400

Which of the following is NOT a virus? Gonorrhea, Ebola, herpes, or polio. 

Gonorrhea

400

How is Lyme disease spread? 

disease vector (ticks)

400
Evaluate this sentence: The first line of defense is not induced by an infection. Thus, it is considered to be innate." 

true - it is composed of things (fluids, tissues, etc.) the body already makes or has 

400
What is a classic example of inflammation during an allergic reaction?

Hives!

400

Why is cell-mediated immunity better for fighting viruses and tumors?

creates cytotoxic T-cells that destroy cells infiltrated with DNA

500

What is the general virus structure?

protein capsule and DNA center

500

Match illness with mode of transmission. ILLNESSES = norovirus, tuberculosis, Zika, syphilis. MODES = direct, indirect, airborne, disease vector

norovirus = indirect, tuberculosis = airborne, Zika = disease vector, syphilis = direct

500

Which of the following is not an example of how the skin dislodges pathogens? Boils/acne, bruises, skin peeling, dry skin.

bruises
500

At what degree is a fever considered dangerous?

above 104ºF

500

Which common infection did Ms. Chua go to Disneyland with in 2019 :(

strep throat