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Basic
Organs
Functions
Cells
Challenge
100
What is the the Immune System?
The immune system is a collection of organs, cells and specialized tissue that work together to defend your body against harmful bacteria and viruses (pathogens)
100
What are the major organs of the Immune System? (Must get at least 2 correct to get points)
The bone marrow, thymus gland, spleen and lymph nodes.
100
What is the function of the SPLEEN?
It acts as a filter of the blood and traps foreign materials, that is irritant from the bloodstream passing through the spleen.
100
What cells make up the THIRD line of defense?
White Blood Cells, (T-Cells and B-Cells).
100
What is the difference between viruses and bacteria?
Viruses cause most colds, flu, coughs, and sore throats. Bacteria cause most ear and sinus infections, strep throat, and urinary tract infections.
200
What is the FIRST lines of defense of the Immune System?
The skin, mouth, ears, and nose (mucous, tears, natural bacteria).
200
What are other organs of the Immune System? (Must get 1 correct to get points)
Tonsils and Adenoids. Also, the heart, appendix, Peyer's patches and stomach.
200
How are all the cells of the human body formed?
Bone Marrow.
200
What are the two basic types of leukocytes?
Phagocytes and lymphocytes.
200
How do antibiotics work against infections?
Antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infections. However, antibiotics are ineffective in treating virus-related illnesses. In addition, antibiotics treat specific bacteria and overuse or misuse of antibiotics can lead to drug-resistant bacteria. It is important that antibiotics are taken properly and for the duration of the prescription. If antibiotics are stopped early, the bacteria may develop a resistance to the antibiotics.
300
What is the SECOND line of defense of the Immune System?
Inflammation, phagocytosis and fever.
300
How are Lymph Nodes and the Spleen similar?
They both filter things. Lymph Nodes filter fluid present between the cells of the human body. The spleen filters blood and entraps foreign materials.
300
What is the function of the Tonsils?
Their primary function is to trap bacteria and viruses from inhaled air.
300
What are lymphocytes?
A type of infection-fighting white blood cell, they "patrol" the body for infectious microorganisms.
300
Where are leukocytes produced or stored?
In many locations in the body, including the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. There are also clumps of lymphoid tissue throughout the body, primarily as lymph nodes, that house the leukocytes.
400
What is the Immune System made up of?
The immune system is made up of special cells, tissues, and organs.
400
Where is the Thymus Gland located?
This gland is located in the upper chest, above the heart and is most active producing scores of lymphocytes during the childhood days.
400
What is the spleen made of?
The spleen is made up of B cells, T cells, macro-phages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and red blood corpuscles.
400
Which cells can act as phagocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. These white blood cells circulate in the bloodstream awaiting chemical signals of invasion and inflammation.
400
What causes a low immune system?
Weaknesses in the immune system can be either congenital, meaning someone is born with them, or acquired, caused by outside factors.
500
Explain how the skin, mouth, eyes and nose help fight germs from entering your body? (At least 3 correct to get full points).
Skin- The epidermis (outside layer of skin) has special cells which warn the body about incoming germs. Glands in the skin also make substances that can kill some bacteria. Mouth, Eyes and Nose- Saliva in the mouth and the tears which wash your eyes have special enzymes (chemicals) in them which break down the cell walls of many bacteria and viruses. The mucous that is made in your nose, throat and lungs traps bacteria, viruses and dust
500
What is the OVERALL name of these organs?
The organs involved with the immune system are called the LYMPHOID ORGANS, which affect growth, development, and the release of lymphocytes (a certain type of white blood cell).
500
What are other important parts of the lymphoid organs?
The blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.
500
What are ALL of the white blood cells involved in the Immune System?
Neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte!
500
What is the difference between AUTO IMMUNE and IMMUNE DEFICIENCY?
AUTO: Some are inherited, when the immune system attacks itself. Immunodeficiency: The immune system lacks something important