Immune 1
This is the term for the immune system mistakenly attacking the body’s own healthy tissues
Autoimmunity
This term describes redness, warmth, swelling, and pain caused by increased blood flow and capillary permeability during immune response.
Inflammation
What information should a nurse include in a preoperative assessment?
Medical history, allergies, current medications, vital signs, baseline lab results, nutritional status, past surgical history, anesthesia history, psychosocial status, and risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, chronic diseases).
What assessments should a nurse perform first when a patient arrives from surgery?
Airway patency, breathing effectiveness, circulation (vital signs, skin color, capillary refill), level of consciousness, oxygen saturation, surgical site, and drains/tubes.
This hormone deficiency disorder results in low circulating thyroid hormones, causing fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance
Osteoporosis?
These proteins are released by virus-infected cells to warn nearby cells and slow viral replication.
Interferons
What cells ‘remember’ a specific antigen and respond quickly during future exposures, providing long-term protection
Memory B cells or memory T cells
What teaching should a nurse provide to a patient before surgery?
Fasting/NPO instructions, medication adjustments, what to expect before and after surgery, pain management, breathing and coughing exercises, use of incentive spirometer, mobility expectations, and how to prevent complications.
What postoperative complications should a nurse monitor for?
Respiratory distress, bleeding/hemorrhage, infection, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), urinary retention, nausea/vomiting, uncontrolled pain, and delayed wound healing.
This chronic lung disease involves airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction triggered by allergens or irritants
Asthma
This hypersensitivity reaction is life-threatening and includes symptoms such as airway swelling, hypotension, and wheezing
Anaphylaxis
These white blood cells are the body’s first responders and increase during acute infection
Neutrophils
What preoperative lab or diagnostic results should a nurse report immediately?
Abnormal electrolytes, low hemoglobin/hematocrit, abnormal coagulation studies (INR/PTT), positive pregnancy test, abnormal ECG findings, or any results that increase surgical or anesthesia risk.
What nursing actions help prevent respiratory complications after surgery?
Encourage coughing and deep breathing, use incentive spirometer, elevate the head of the bed, assist with early ambulation, monitor oxygen levels, and encourage adequate pain control to promote effective breathing.
This painful condition occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and can lead to rupture if untreated
Appendicitis
Leukopenia is when a total WBC is <answer>
hint: range is 5000-10000
4000 or below
What are disadvantages for the blood allergy test
Usually only tests for a small amount of allergens at a time, such as a panel for meat allergens, or panel for fruit allergens
Can be less sensitive than skin testing
What is the nurse’s role in verifying informed consent before surgery?
Ensure the consent form is completed and signed, verify the patient understands the procedure, confirm the physician provided the explanation, and check that the patient is competent and not sedated when signing.
How should a nurse safely manage a patient’s postoperative pain?
Assess pain regularly, administer analgesics as prescribed, evaluate response, use non-pharmacologic methods (positioning, ice/heat, relaxation), monitor for side effects, and adjust interventions based on patient feedback.
This condition is caused by decreased myocardial blood flow and is often relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
Angina pectoris
Explain the difference between active-natural and active-artificial immunity
Active-natural immunity develops when the body produces antibodies in response to exposure to a live pathogen that enters the body naturally. While active-artificial immunity develops after a vaccine is given and the body produces antibodies in response to exposure to a killed or attenuated virus.
What test measures the presence and amount of specific antibodies in the blood to determine immunity or disease exposure.
A titer test
What actions should a nurse take to ensure patient safety in the preoperative period?
Correct patient identification, verify procedure and surgical site, apply identification and allergy bands, ensure NPO status, remove jewelry/valuables, review medications, complete pre-op checklist, and perform safety protocols such as time-out procedures.
What discharge teaching should be provided to a postoperative patient?
Wound care instructions, medication schedule, signs of infection or complications to report, activity restrictions, pain management plan, follow-up appointments, and instructions about diet, hydration, and mobility.
This hormone deficiency disorder results in low circulating thyroid hormones, causing fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance
Hyperthyroidism