I'm hyper and sensitive!
There are how many types of hypersensitivity responses?
There are 4.
What is the name for a Type 1: Rapid or Immediate hypersensitivity reaction in which swelling commonly occurs to only the face, lips, tongue and possible the upper airway.
Angioedema
___________ is characterized by acute inflammation leading to bronchoconstriction, mucosal edema, shortness of breath, urticaria with itching, and possible hypotension and/or shock.
Anaphylaxis
____________ is the name for the autoimmune process in which there is chronic and progressive inflammation which attacks multiple self tissues and organs?
Systemic Lupus Erythematous.
The bulls eye rash associated with the early state of Lyme disease is known scientifically as what?
Erythematous migrans.
Name at least three types of hypersensitivity reactions.
Rapid or Immediate, Cytotoxic, Immune Complex-Mediated, and Delayed.
What is the number one priority for the nurse when caring for a patient experiencing angioedema? (Hint: ABCs).
Airway, and notifying the Rapid Response Team.
Anaphylaxis is the most common type of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 1: Rapid or Immediate.
What are the most common causes of death in the patient with SLE?
Cardiovascular and kidney complications.
Lyme disease is treated with what types of medications?
Antibiotics.
Poison ivy, graft rejections, positive TB skin tests, and sarcoidosis are all examples of which type of hypersensitivity?
Type IV: Delayed.
ACE inhibitors.
(Example: Lisinopril)
True of False: The major fatal outcome for anaphylaxis is a delay in the administration of epinephrine.
True.
What education would the nurse provide the patient with SLE about UV light and/or sunlight?
Wear a large-brimmed hate, long sleeves, long-pants and use at least SPF 30 sunscreen.
What type of insect is commonly responsible for the transmission of Lyme disease?
Deer Ticks.
What type of reaction can occur when incompatible blood is administered to a patient?
Type II: Cytotoxic.
True of False: Angioedema usually occurs within 24 hours of taking a causative medication like ACE inhibitors.
True: Angioedema can occur within the first 24 hours after taking a causative agent but doesn't normally occur immediately.
What actions should the nurse immediately take when a patient experiences anaphylaxis when receiving an IV antibiotic?
Immediately change the IV tubing; do not discontinue the IV, and immediately hang normal saline and call the Rapid Response Team.
The patient with SLE is using corticosteroids to treat a SLE exacerbation. What information will the nurse provide regarding the use of corticosteroids.
Do not stop them immediately; they must be tapered.
Initial symptoms of Lyme disease usually occur when?
The first 7 - 14 days after the tick bite.
Type 1: Rapid or Immediate hypersensitivity reactions occur due to a reaction of which antibody? (Hint: IgG or IgE).
Type 1: Rapid or Immediate hypersensitivity reactions occur due to a reaction of IgE antibodies whereas Type 2: Cytotoxic reactions occur due to a reaction of the IgG antibodies.
What is the most effective means of preventing angioedema from occurring again?
True or False: Patients should always call 911 and visit the hospital after using their Epi pen.
True: Patients who have to use their Epi pen should always call 911 and visit the hospital as delayed reactions can occur hours after administration of the Epi pen.
Treatments for SLE include corticosteroids and what other types of medications? Name at least 2.
Antimalarials, immune modulators such as methotrexate, and monoclonal antibodies.
Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete __________.
Borrelia burgdorferi.