Words and Definitions
Antibiotic
Medicine that destroys bacteria or prevents them from reproducing (making more)
Phagocytes
Engulf/surround and eat, and destroys non-self pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites)
How are vaccines different from antibiotics and antivirals?
Vaccines prevent
Antibiotics and antivirals cure diseases once someone is sick.
Finish the statement
Once inside your body the ____________ system produces specific _________________ and _________________ which ____________________.
What shape are antibodies?
Y
Antiviral
Herd Immunity
What does a vaccine contain?
dead, weakened, or partially dead pathogens
What do helper T cells do?
Help detect (find) and respond to infections
Where are antibodies made?
White blood cells (which are made in bone marrow)
Antigen
Molecules on the surface of cells
Immune system attacks cells that have non-self molecules
Immunity
Is protection from getting sick.
It comes from saving the specific white blood cells and antibodies that match the antigens on the pathogen.
Allergic reactions with vaccines
people are usually allergic to something harmless that is used to make, give, or store the vaccine
Choose the correct order of the immune response
a) 1-pathogen enters body through second line of defense 2-WBCs/phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens 3-correct-shaped/specific antigens clone themselves, some memory B cells are made 4-immune system is activated because it recognizes the non-self antigens on the surface of the pathogen
b) 1-pathogen enters body through first line of defense 2-immune system is activated because it recognizes the non-self antigens on the surface of the pathogen 3-B Cells/WBCs work to develop the specific/specialized-shape to match the antigen 4-correct-shaped/specific antigens clone themselves, some memory B cells are made 5-WBCs/phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
Why is there a delay between infection and antibody production?
They have to circulate in the blood, find the pathogen, create clones, release/secrete antibodies or wait as memory B cells.
Contagious
Can spread from person to person
WBCs
White blood cells
What happens when you get a vaccine?
1) your body accepts the pathogen in the vaccine
2) your body attacks the pathogen in the vaccine
3) your body enlarges the pathogen in the vaccine
What are the 2 ways to gain immunity?
1-get vaccinated
2-get infected with the specific pathogen
How do antibodies provide immunity?
They are able to save specific (specialized) matching antibodies from the original immune response and by saving specific memory cells.
Infectious diseases
Diseases caused by pathogens.
Can be spread by people, water, or other animals.
Helper T Cells
detect infections
activate B cells to produce antibodies
Help detect (find) and respond to infections.
How does getting vaccinated help kids in school academically?
1-They miss more school because they are sick and cannot keep up with their work.
2-They don't miss as much school because they do not get sick and are able to keep up with their work.
3-It doesn't. This is a false statement.
True or False: Immunity is specific.
True.
This is why every year a new 'flu' vaccine is made. Pathogens mutate/change, so new antibodies need to be made to match the changing antigens.
Antibodies are what? Hint: it starts with an 'S'.
Specific