The Immune System
A disease causing microorganism.
What is a pathogen.
Specific Immunity involves our B and T lymphocytes.
What are the clone cells that are produced when the cell mediated response is activated?
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells
What happens to the blood vessels in the body early on in the fever response and why?
Vasoconstriction
To keep the heat inside the body to kill the pathogen
This non specfic cells roams the body to kill pathogens and cancer cells
What is a natural killer cell?
A newborn receives protective antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy. The newborn benefits from this protection without producing their own antibodies. What type of immunity is this?
What is passive acquired natural immunity.
This network of cells, tissues, and organs defends the body against infection/disease.
What is the immune system.
This is a Y shaped protein activated by the third line of defense which lock onto the surface of specific antigens triggering the immune system?
They are also known as immunoglobulins
What are antibodies
This structure is signaled by pyrogens to raise the body's temperature set point as part of this line of defense (which line)
Hypothalamus
2nd line of defense
What scavenger cells engulf dead cells and are the first responders to pathogens?
What is neutrophils within the phagocyte system
A patient recovers from chickenpox after the body's immune system produces antibodies and memory cells to fight the virus. What type of immunity has the patient developed?
What is active acquired natural immunity.
How many lines of defense does the immune system have
Give an example of each line
What is three.
Skin, mucus membranes, reflexes and chemicals
Phagocytosis, Fever, Inflammation, NKC, Cytokines
B and T lymphocytes.
Which line of defense reacts the same to all invaders, has no memory of previous infections, keeps invaders out by physical and chemical barriers.
What is first line of defense (generalized, non specific response)
Where are 'the T and B lymphocytes' produced in the body?
Where do they mature?
What is bone marrow
B-Bone Marrow
T-Thymus
The largest white blood cell active in fighting pathogens.
What is macrophages
A patient receives a vaccine containing a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen. The patient's immune system responds by producing antibodies and memory cells. What type of immunity has the patient developed?
What is active acquired artificial immunity.
This system is essential in the body to maintain fluid balance and help with fighting infection
What is the lymphatic system
Specific Immunity involves our B and T lymphocytes.
What are the clone cells that are produced when the antibody mediated response is activated?
Plasma cells that make antibodies
Memory B cells
What are the five cardinal signs of inflammation?
What line of defense is this?
What occurs in the body for each sign to appear
Heat and redness caused by vasodilation
Swelling Caused by the rush of interstitial fluid and lymphocytes to the injured area
Pain Caused from the excess fluid and pressure on the nerve endings
Loss of function Pain causes temporary loss of function
The largest white blood cell active in fighting pathogens. It is also involved in antigen presentation?
What is this? What role does it play in initiating specific immunity?
What is the macrophage
A patient is bitten by a venomous snake and receives an injection of preformed antibodies (antivenom) to neutralize the venom. What type of immunity does this patient receive?
What is passive acquired artificial immunity.
What are some clinical signs that may be indicative of infection in our clinical patients?
Fever, Loss of appetite, Exudate (inflammatory vs pus)
Elevated WBC Tachycardia, Hypotension
Malaise
What is the term for the type of immunity which describes a large group or population which has immunity to a specific pathogen either through vaccination or disease exposure?
What is herd immunity
What cells store DNA from invading cells. They activate a swift immune response if re-infection of the same pathogen is ever detected
What are memory cells.
What is recognised as a foreign invader protein and triggers an immune response.
What is an anitgen.
There are two types of specific immunity.
Give the two categories and give the 2 sub categories
Active and Passive Immunity.
Natural and Artificial